Computer simulation of the glass pressing process: a review

Numerical simulation of glass pressing has been an active research area for many years. This paper reviews the research and development in numerical simulation of glass pressing. It organises prior studies into three categories, namely, glass flow, heat transfer, and residual stresses. Based on the research progress to date, this paper suggests that the coupled and integrated simulation considering material, mould and process, the use of empirical models and soft computing techniques to complement the numerical simulation, and small scale experiments are the three most important areas for further advancement.