Optimisation of brake friction material on tribological characteristics and cost using constrained mixture design method

In the present paper, the effect of ingredients proportion was investigated in terms of tribological performance and cost in a brake friction material. The simplex-centroid design method, a constrained mixture design, was used to manufacture friction materials with different relative amounts of the ingredients. The friction tests were carried out using Chase-type friction tester. The effect of the proportions was obtained in the quadratic model of a three-variable case on the ternary diagrams. Optimum proportions of the ingredients with the highest tribological properties and the lowest cost were determined by comparing response values with boundary conditions on each optimisation circle.