Role of temperature and strain rate on evolution of microstructure, flow stress and constitutive equation in hot deformation of AZ80A Mg alloy
Source abstract
Abstract
In this work, the forgeability behaviour of AZ80A magnesium (Mg) alloys was studied using thermo-mechanical simulator and mechanical press. Tests were carried out over a temperature range of 573 K-673 K at a strain rate of 0.005–1/s. In most cases, the microstructure shows dynamic recrystallization (DRX) with a single peak of flow stress followed by a gradual decrease. Materials constant was obtained using a constitutive equation. Processing map for AZ80A Mg alloy was established and it reveals that at temperature 623 K, the materials show better forgeability. Considering this another set of wrought AZ80A Mg alloy was hot forged at a temperature of 623 K using a 250-ton mechanical press. Microstructural analysis of as-received, hot compressed and hot forged samples was done. As-received wrought alloy depicts the structure primarily consisting of α-Mg & Mg17Al12 intermetallics at the grain boundary. Hot compressed and forged sample shows a distinct necklace-like structure composed of fine recrystallized grains. During plastic deformation, lamellar and lath intermetallics are broken and scattered along the intergranular region in hot forging. Intermetallics act as Zener pinning effect and restrict the grain boundary mobility thus finer recrystallized grain is observed. Electron Beam Scattered Diffraction (EBSD) analysis of samples confirms that the forged sample shows maximum volume fraction of HAGB with random and weak texture along < 0001 > basal plane.
Source: expertdata · Quality: candidate unverified · Source record ↗
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Magnesium Alloys: Properties and Applications · Metallurgy and Material Forming · Aluminum Alloys Composites Properties
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
References (52)
Show source-provided references
1. Luo AA (2002) Magnesium: Current and potential automotive applications. JOM 54:42–48. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF0270107310.1007/BF02701073 ↗
2. Kahn RW, Hasen P, Kramer EJ (2000) the structure and properties of a non-ferrous alloy, a magnesium-based alloy. Science Press, Beijing
3. Mirzadeh H (2014) Constitutive analysis of Mg-Al-Zn magnesium alloys during hot deformation. Mech Mater 77:80–85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mechmat.2014.07.00410.1016/j.mechmat.2014.07.004 ↗
4. Chen X, Liao Q, Niu Y, Jia Y, Le Q, Ning S, Hu C, Hu K, Yu F (2019) Comparison study of hot deformation behaviour and processing map of AZ80 magnesium alloy casted with and without ultrasonic vibration. J Alloy & Compds 803:585–596. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2019.06.24210.1016/j.jallcom.2019.06.242 ↗
5. Jiang MG, Yan H, Gao L, Chen RS (2015) Microstructural evolution of Mg-7Al-2Sn Mg alloy during multi-directional impact forging. J Magnesium & Alloys 3:180–187. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jma.2015.08.00510.1016/j.jma.2015.08.005 ↗
6. Zhu SQ, Yan HG, Chen JH, Wu YZ, Du YG, Liao XZ (2013) Fabrication of Mg-Al-Zn-Mn alloy sheets with homogeneous fine-grained structures using high strain-rate rolling in a wide temperature range. Mater Sci Eng A 559:765–772. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2012.09.02210.1016/j.msea.2012.09.022 ↗
7. Asgari H, Szpunar JA, Odeshi AG (2014) Texture evolution and dynamic mechanical behaviour of cast AZ magnesium alloys under high strain rate compressive loading. Mater Des 61:26–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2014.04.04910.1016/j.matdes.2014.04.049 ↗
8. Xia XS, Chen Q, Li JP, Shu DY, Hu CK, Huang SH, Zhao ZD (2014) Characterization of hot deformation behaviour of as-extruded Mg-Gd-Y-Zn-Zr alloy. J Alloy Compds 610:203–211. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2014.04.21010.1016/j.jallcom.2014.04.210 ↗
9. Li QZ (2012) Mechanical properties and microscopic deformation mechanism of polycrystalline magnesium under high-strain-rate compressive loadings. Mater Sci Eng A 540:130–134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2012.01.11610.1016/j.msea.2012.01.116 ↗
10. Khan MI, Ahmad OM, Mohammed A, Elhachmi E, Mamoun M (2014) Influence of Cooling Rate on Microsegregation Behavior of Magnesium Alloys. J Mater 2014:1–18. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/65764710.1155/2014/657647 ↗
11. Dahle AK, Lee YC, Nave MD, Schaffer PL, Stjohn DH (2009) Development of the As-Cast Microstructure in Magnesium-Aluminum Alloys. J Light Metals 1:61–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1471-5317(00)00007-910.1016/s1471-5317(00)00007-9 ↗
12. Jain S, Gokhale A, Jain J, Singh SS, Krishnaswamy H (2017) Fatigue behaviour of aged and solution treated AZ61 Mg alloy at small length scale using nanoindentation. Mater Sci Eng A 684:652–659. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2016.12.11110.1016/j.msea.2016.12.111 ↗
13. Naik GM, Gote GD, Narendranath S, Kumar SS (2018) The impact of homogenization treatment on microstructure microhardness and corrosion behaviour of wrought AZ80 magnesium alloys in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution. Mater Res Exp 5:086513. https://doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/aad31f10.1088/2053-1591/aad31f ↗
14. Zheng L, Nie H, Liang W, Wang H, Wang Y (2016) Effect of pre-homogenizing treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of hot-rolled AZ91 magnesium alloys. J Magnesium Alloys 4:115–122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jma.2016.04.00210.1016/j.jma.2016.04.002 ↗
15. Tsao LC, Chen CH, Wu RW, Chang SY, Chen RS (2015) Plastic flow behaviour, microstructure, and corrosion behaviour of AZ61 Mg alloy during hot compression deformation. J Manuf Proc 18:167–174. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmapro.2015.01.00810.1016/j.jmapro.2015.01.008 ↗
16. Estrin Y, Vinogradov A (2013) Extreme grain refinement by severe plastic deformation: A wealth of challenging science. Acta Mater 61:782–817. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2012.10.03810.1016/j.actamat.2012.10.038 ↗
17. Qiu W, Liu Z, Yu R, Chen J, Ren Y, He J, Li W, Li C (2019) Utilization of VN particles for grain refinement and mechanical properties of AZ31 magnesium alloy. J Alloy Compds 781:1150–1158. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2018.12.12410.1016/j.jallcom.2018.12.124 ↗
18. Liu X, Si-qi Y, Zhang Z, Le Q, Xue J (2018) Effect of limestone ores on grain refinement of as-cast commercial AZ31 magnesium alloys. Trans Nonferrous Metal Soc China 28(6):1103–1113. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1003-6326(18)64746-610.1016/S1003-6326(18)64746-6 ↗
19. Paresh P, Dwayne T, Kumar SS, Mary WA, Hamid J, Williams BW (2020) Effect of temperature on the hot deformation behaviour of AZ80 magnesium alloy. Mater Sci Eng A 794(9):139923. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2020.13992310.1016/j.msea.2020.139923 ↗
20. Pourbahari B, Mirzadeh H, Emamy M (2017) Elucidating the effect of intermetallic compounds on the behaviour of Mg-Gd-Al-Zn magnesium alloys at elevated temperatures. J Mater Res 32:4186–4195. https://doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2017.41510.1557/jmr.2017.415 ↗
21. Sellars CM, Whiteman JA (1979) Recrystallization and grain growth in hot rolling. Metal Sci 13(3–4):187–194. https://doi.org/10.1179/msc.1979.13.3-4.18710.1179/msc.1979.13.3-4.187 ↗
22. Wang J, Chen J, Zhao Z, Ruan XY (2008) Dynamic recrystallization behaviour of microalloyed forged steel. J Iron Steel Res Int 15(3):78–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1006-706X(08)60130-210.1016/S1006-706X(08)60130-2 ↗
23. Barnett MR (2003) Hot working microstructure map for magnesium AZ31. Mater Sci Forum 426(432):515–520. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.426-432.51510.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.426-432.515 ↗
24. Liu G, Xie W, Hadadzadeh A, Wei G, Ma Z, Liu J, Yang Y, Xie W, Peng X, Wells M (2018) Hot deformation behaviour and processing map of a superlight dual-phase Mg–Li alloy. J Alloy Compds 766:460–469. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2018.07.02410.1016/j.jallcom.2018.07.024 ↗
25. Sakai T, Jonas JJ (1984) Overview no. 35 Dynamic recrystallization: Mechanical and microstructural considerations. Acta Metallurgica 32(2):189–209. https://doi.org/10.1016/0001-6160(84)90049-X10.1016/0001-6160(84)90049-X ↗
26. Sarebanzadeh M, Mahmudi R, Roumina R (2015) Constitutive analysis and processing map of an extruded Mg-3Gd-1Zn alloy under hot shear deformation. Mater Sci Eng A 637:155–161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2015.04.03810.1016/j.msea.2015.04.038 ↗
27. Wei G, Peng X, Hadadzadeh A, Mahmoodkhani Y, Xie W, Yang Y, Wells MA (2015) Constitutive modelling of Mg-9Li-3Al-2Sr-2Y at elevated temperatures. Mech Mater 89:241–253. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mechmat.2015.05.00610.1016/j.mechmat.2015.05.006 ↗
28. Myshlyaev MM, Mcqueen HJ, Mwembela A, Konopleva E (2002) Twinning, dynamic recovery and recrystallization in hot worked Mg-Al-Zn alloy. Mater Sci Eng A 337(1–2):121–133. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0921-5093(02)00007-210.1016/S0921-5093(02)00007-2 ↗
29. Oikawa H, Honda K, Ito S (1984) Experimental study on the stress range of class I behaviour in the creep of Al-Mg alloys. Mater Sci Eng 64(2):237–245. https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-5416(84)90107-110.1016/0025-5416(84)90107-1 ↗
30. Takagi H, Dao M, Fujiwara M, Otsuka M (2006) Prediction of the Constitutive Equation for Uniaxial Creep of a Power-Law Material through Instrumented Micro indentation Testing and Modeling. Mater Trans 47:2006–2014. https://doi.org/10.2320/matertrans.M201337010.2320/matertrans.M2013370 ↗
31. Motallebi R, Savaedi Z, Mirzadeh H (2022) Additive manufacturing - A review of hot deformation behaviour and constitutive modelling of flow stress. Current Opinion in Solid State and Mater Sci 26(3):100992. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cossms.2022.10099210.1016/j.cossms.2022.100992 ↗
32. Savaedi Z, Motallebi R, Mirzadeh H (2022) A review of hot deformation behaviour and constitutive models to predict flow stress of high-entropy alloy. J Alloys Compds 903:163964. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2022.16396410.1016/j.jallcom.2022.163964 ↗
33. Prasad YVRK, Seshacharyulu T (1998) Modelling of hot deformation for microstructural control. Int Mater Rev 43(6):243–258. https://doi.org/10.1179/imr.1998.43.6.24310.1179/imr.1998.43.6.243 ↗
34. Kwak T, Kim D, Yang J, Yoon Y, Kim SK, Lim H, Kim WJ (2014) Effect of CaO on hot workability and microstructure of Mg-9.5 Zn-2Y alloy. Magnesium Technol 297–300. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48231-6_5710.1007/978-3-319-48231-6_57 ↗
35. Wang L, Fang G, Leeflang M, Duszczyk J, Zhou J (2014) Investigation into the hot workability of the as-extruded WE43 magnesium alloy using processing map. J Mech Behaviour Biomed Mater 32:270–278. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmbbm.2014.01.01110.1016/j.jmbbm.2014.01.011 ↗
36. Xia X, Chen Q, Zhang K, Zhao Z, Ma M, Li X, Li Y (2013) Hot deformation behaviour and processing map of coarse-grained Mg-Gd-Y-Nd-Zr alloy. Mater Sci Eng A 587:283–290. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2013.08.06610.1016/j.msea.2013.08.066 ↗
37. Ansari N, Tran B, Poole WJ, Singh SS, Krishnaswamy H, Jain J (2020) High temperature deformation behaviour of Mg-5wt % Y binary alloy: Constitutive analysis and processing maps. Mater Sci Eng A 777:139051. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2020.13905110.1016/j.msea.2020.139051 ↗
38. Srinivasan N, Prasad YVRK, Ramarao P (2008) Hot deformation behaviour of Mg-3Al alloy-A study using processing map. Mater Sci Eng A 476(1):146–156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2007.04.10310.1016/j.msea.2007.04.103 ↗
39. Zhou Y, Chen Z, Ji J, Sun Z (2019) Effects of second phases on deformation behaviour and dynamic recrystallization of as-cast Mg-4.3Li-4.1Zn-1.4Y alloy during hot compression. J Alloys Compds 770:540–548. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2018.08.12910.1016/j.jallcom.2018.08.129 ↗
40. Ji G, Li F, Li Q, Li H, Li Z (2010) Research on the dynamic recrystallization kinetics of Aermet 100 steel. Mater Sci Eng A 527(9):2350–2355. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2009.12.00110.1016/j.msea.2009.12.001 ↗
41. Xu Y, Hu X, Sun Y (2014) Dynamic recrystallization kinetics of as-cast AZ91D alloy. Trans Nonferrous Metal Soc China 24(6):1683–1689. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1003-6326(14)63241-610.1016/S1003-6326(14)63241-6 ↗
42. Xu SW, Kamado S, Matsumoto N, Honna T, Kojima Y (2009) Recrystallization mechanism of as-cast AZ91 magnesium alloy during hot compressive deformation. Mater Sci Eng A 527(1–2):52–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2009.08.06210.1016/j.msea.2009.08.062 ↗
43. Wei-Jen Lai, Yi-Yun Li, Yung-Fu Hsu, Shan Trong, Wen-Hsiung Wang (2009) Aging behaviour and precipitate morphologies of Mg-7.7Al-0.5Zn-0.3Mn (wt. %) alloy. J Alloys Compd 476(1–2):118–124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2008.08.04310.1016/j.jallcom.2008.08.043 ↗
44. Celotto S (2000) TEM study of continuous precipitation in Mg-9 wt. % Al- 1 wt. % Zn alloy. Acta Mater 48(8):1775–1787. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1359-6454(00)00004-510.1016/S1359-6454(00)00004-5 ↗
45. Günter G (2004) Recovery, recrystallization, grain growth. Physical Foundations of Materials Science. Springer, Verlag, pp 303–356
46. Doherty RD, Hughes DA, Humphreys FJ, Jonas JJ, Jensen DJ, Kassner ME, King WE, Mcnelley TR, Mcquuen HJ, Rollet AD (1997) Current issues in recrystallization: a review. Mater Sci Eng A 238(2):219–274. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0921-5093(97)00424-310.1016/S0921-5093(97)00424-3 ↗
47. Kim J, Okayasu K, Fukutomi H (2013) Deformation Behavior and Texture Formation in AZ80 Magnesium Alloy during Uniaxial Compression Deformation at High Temperatures. Met Trans 54(2):192–198. https://doi.org/10.2320/matertrans.H-M201283210.2320/matertrans.H-M2012832 ↗
48. Mirzadeh H (2014) A comparative study on the hot flow stress of Mg-Al-Zn magnesium alloys using a simple physically-based approach. J Magnes Alloys 2:225–229. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jma.2014.09.00310.1016/j.jma.2014.09.003 ↗
49. Varin RA, Bystrzycki J, Calka A (1999) Effect of annealing on the microstructure, ordering and microhardness of ball milled cubic (L12) titanium trialuminide intermetallic powder. Intermetallics 7(7):785–796. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0966-9795(98)00127-710.1016/S0966-9795(98)00127-7 ↗
50. Klug HP, Alexander L (1974) X-ray Diffraction procedures for Poly-crystalline and Amorphous Materials, 2nd edn. John Wiley & Sons, New York
51. Dongal M, El-denglawey A, Elhady AF, Abuelwafa AA (2012) Structural properties of nano 5, 10, 15, 20-Tetraphenyl-21H,23H-porphine nickel (II) thin films. Curr Appl Phys 12(5):1334–1339. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cap.2012.02.05110.1016/j.cap.2012.02.051 ↗
52. Laugier J, Bochu B (2000) LMGP-Suite of Programs for the Interpretation of X-ray Experiments, ENSP/Laboratories des Materiaux et du Genie Physique, BP46.38042, Saint Martin d’Heres, France.