Dispersed phase morphology and fractionated crystallization of high-density polyethylene in PET/HDPE blends
Source abstract
Abstract
The fractionated crystallization of high density polyethylene dispersed in a poly(ethylene terephthalate) matrix at composition of 15 wt-% was studied. The effect of the molecular weight of polyethylene with and without compatibilization was particularly addressed regarding its influence on the morphology of the blends. For non-compatibilized blends, the dramatic influence of the molecular weight of the polyethylene on the viscosity ratio and therefore on the dispersion is reflected on the relative intensities of the twin crystallization peaks of polyethylene that are developed upon cooling. These peaks reflect two sets of particles that are nucleated by more or less active heterogeneities. The influence of the addition of an ethylene-glycidyl methacrylate copolymer on the morphology and on the crystallization of the blends was also investigated. For a high molecular weight polyethylene, the compatibilizer shows less efficiency as far as dispersion is concerned.
Source: openaire · Quality: candidate unverified · Source record ↗
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Polymer crystallization and properties · Polymer Nanocomposites and Properties · Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
References (39)
Show source-provided references
1. Balsamo V, Gouveia LM (2004) Nucleation versus melting point depression of the polycaprolactone phase in polypropylene/ polycaprolactone blends. E-Polymers 17:1–19
2. Balsamo V, Gouveia LM (2007) Interplay of fractionated crystallization and morphology in polypropylene / poly(ε-caprolactone) blends. J Polym Sci, Part B: Polym Phys 45:1365–137910.1002/polb.21137 ↗
3. Manaure AC, Morales RA, Sanchez JJ, Muller AJ (1997) Rheological and calorimetric evidences of the fractionated crystallization of iPP dispersed in ethylene / α-olefin copolymers. J Appl Polym Sci 66:2481–249310.1002/(SICI)1097-4628(19971226)66:13<2481::AID-APP11>3.0.CO;2-0 ↗
4. Manaure AC, Müller AJ (2001) Nucleation and crystallization of blends of poly(propylene) and ethylene / α-olefin copolymers. Macromol Chem Phys 201:958–97210.1002/1521-3935(20000601)201:9<958::AID-MACP958>3.0.CO;2-0 ↗
5. Pimbert S (2003) Evaluation of the fractionated crystallization of isotactic polypropylene and high density polyethylenes in their blends with Cycloolefin copolymers. Macromol Symp 203:277–28310.1002/masy.200351330 ↗
6. Gallego Ferrer G, Salmeron Sanchez M, Verdu Sanchez E, Romero Colomer F, Gomez Ribelles JL (2000) Blends of styrene-butadiene-styrene triblock copolymer and isotactic polypropylene : morphology and thermomechanical properties. Polym Int 49:853–85910.1002/1097-0126(200008)49:8<853::AID-PI464>3.0.CO;2-Q ↗
7. Arnal ML, Müller AJ, Maiti P, Hikosaka M (2000) Nucleation and crystallization of isotactic poly(propylene) droplets in an immiscible polystyrene matrix. Macromol Chem Phys 201:2493–250410.1002/1521-3935(20001101)201:17<2493::AID-MACP2493>3.0.CO;2-0 ↗
8. Kowalewski T, Ragosta G, Matuscelli E, Galeski A (1997) Crystallization of poly(ethylene oxide) in i-polypropylene-poly(ethylene oxide) blends. J Appl Polym Sci 66:2047–205710.1002/(SICI)1097-4628(19971219)66:11<2047::AID-APP1>3.0.CO;2-H ↗
9. Tang T, Huang B (1994) Fractionated crystallization in polyolefins-nylon 6 blends. J Appl Polym Sci 53:355–36010.1002/app.1994.070530313 ↗
10. Molinuevo CH, Mendez GA, Muller AJ (1998) Nucleation and crystallization of PET droplets dispersed in an amorphous PC matrix. J Appl Polym Sci 70:1725–173510.1002/(SICI)1097-4628(19981128)70:9<1725::AID-APP10>3.0.CO;2-A ↗
11. Arnal ML, Matos ME, Morales RA, Santana OO, Müller AJ (1998) Evaluation of the fractionated crystallization of dispersed polyolefins in a polystyrene matrix. Macromol Chem Phys 199:2275–228810.1002/(SICI)1521-3935(19981001)199:10<2275::AID-MACP2275>3.0.CO;2-# ↗
12. Arnal ML, Müller AJ (1999) Fractionated crystallisation of polyethylene and ethylene/α-olefin copolymers dispersed in immiscible polystyrene matrices. Macromol Chem Phys 200:2559–257610.1002/(SICI)1521-3935(19991101)200:11<2559::AID-MACP2559>3.0.CO;2-O ↗
13. Lebovitz AH, Khait K, Torkelson JM (2003) Sub-micron dispersed-phase particle size in polymer blends: overcoming the Taylor limit via solid-state shear pulverization. Polymer 44:199–20610.1016/S0032-3861(02)00717-6 ↗
14. Pesneau I, Cassagnau P, Fulchiron R, Michel A (1998) Crystallization from the melt at high supercooling in finely dispersed polymer blends: DSC and rheological analysis. J Polym Sci, Part B: Polym Phys 36:2573–258510.1002/(SICI)1099-0488(199810)36:14<2573::AID-POLB10>3.0.CO;2-8 ↗
15. Bernal-Lara TE, Liu TYF, Hiltner A, Baer E (2005) Structure and thermal stability of polyethylene nanolayers. Polymer 46:3043–305510.1016/j.polymer.2005.01.055 ↗
16. Jin Y, Hiltner A, Baer EJ (2007) Fractionated crystallization of polypropylene droplets produced by nanolayer breakup. J Polym Sci, Part B: Polym Phys 45:1138–115110.1002/polb.21146 ↗
17. Jin Y, Hiltner A, Baer E (2007) Effect of a sorbitol nucleating agent on fractionated crystallization of polypropylene droplets. J Polym Sci, Part B: Polym Phys 45:1788–179710.1002/polb.21195 ↗
18. Muller AJ, Balsamo V, Arnal ML, Jakob T, Schmalz H, Abetz V (2002) Homogeneous nucleation and fractionated crystallization in block copolymers. Macromolecules 35:3048–305810.1021/ma012026w ↗
19. Muller AJ, Lorenzo AT, Arnal ML, Boschetti de Fierro Abetz V (2006) Self-nucleation behavior of the polyethylene block as function of the confinement degree in polyethylene-block-polystyrene diblock copolymers. Macromol Symp 240:114–12210.1002/masy.200650815 ↗
20. Lorenzo AT, Arnal ML, Muller AJ, Boschetti de Fierro A, Abetz V (2006) Confinement effects on the crystallization and SSA thermal fractionation of the PE block within PE-b-PS diblock copolymers. Eur Polym J 42:516–53310.1016/j.eurpolymj.2005.09.001 ↗
21. Guo Q (2006) Phase behavior and crystallization in blends of a low molecular weight polyethylene-block-poly(ethylene oxide) diblock copolymer and poly(hydroxyether of bisphenol A). Thermochimica Acta 451:168–17310.1016/j.tca.2006.10.009 ↗
22. Balsamo V, Müller AJ, Von Gyldenfeldt F, Stadler R (1998) Ternary ABC block copolymers based on one glassy and two crystallizable blocks: polystyrene-block-polyethylene-block-poly(ε-caprolactone). Macromol Chem Phys 199:1063–1070
23. Liang GD, Xu JT, Fan ZQ (2007) Crystallization and melting behaviors of polystyrene-b-poly(ethylene-co-butene) block copolymers. Eur Polym J 43:3153–316210.1016/j.eurpolymj.2007.05.028 ↗
24. Guo Q, Thomann R, Gronski W (2007) Synthesis and fractionated crystallization of organic-inorganic hybrid composite materials from an amphiphilic polyethylene-block-poly(ethylene oxide) diblock copolymer. Polymer 48:3925–392910.1016/j.polymer.2007.05.021 ↗
25. Yordanov C, Minkova L (2005) Fractionated crystallization of compatibilized LDPE/PA6 blend. Eur Polym J 41:527–53410.1016/j.eurpolymj.2004.10.034 ↗
26. Sanchez A, Rosales C, Laredo E, Müller AJ, Pracella M (2001) Compatibility studies in binary blends of PA6 and ULDPE-graft-DEM. Macromol Chem Phys 202:2461–247810.1002/1521-3935(20010701)202:11<2461::AID-MACP2461>3.0.CO;2-1 ↗
27. Pompe G, Pötschke P, Pionteck J (2002) Reactive melt blending of modified polyamide and polypropylene: Assessment of compatibilization by fractionated crystallization and blend morphology. J Appl Polym Sci 86:3445–345310.1002/app.11374 ↗
28. Shi D, Yin J, Ke Z, Gao Y, Li RKY (2004) Fractionated crystallization of dispersed PA6 phase of PP/PP-g-MAH/PA6 blends. J Appl Polym Sci 91:3742–375510.1002/app.13524 ↗
29. Ikkala OT, Holtsi-Miettinen RM, Seppala J (1993) Effects of compatibilization on fractionated crystallization of PA6/PP blends. J Appl Polym Sci 49:1165–117410.1002/app.1993.070490705 ↗
30. Gao Y, Huang H, Yao Z, Shi D, Ke Z, Yin J (2003) Morphology, structure, and properties of in situ compatibilized linear low-density polyethylene/polystyrene and linear low-density polyethylene/high-impact polystyrene Blends. J Polym Sci, Part B: Polym Phys 41:1837–184910.1002/polb.10545 ↗
31. Carrot C, Mbarek S, Jaziri M, Chalamet Y, Raveyre R, Prochazka F (2007) Immiscible blends of PC and PET, current knowledge and new results: Rheological properties. Macromol Mater Eng 292:693–70610.1002/mame.200700006 ↗
32. Schawe JEK (2007) Analysis of the metastable structure of poly(ethyleneterephthalate) by conventional DSC. Thermochimica Acta 461:145–15210.1016/j.tca.2007.05.017 ↗
33. Minakov AA, Wurm A, Schick C (2007) Superheating in linear polymers studied by ultrafast nanocalorimetry. Eur. Phys. J. E, Soft Matter 23:43–5310.1140/epje/i2007-10173-8 ↗
34. Hoffman JD, Frolen LJ, Ross GS, Lauritzen JI Jr (1975) On the growth rate of spherulites and axialites from the melt in polyethylene fractions: regime I and regime II crystallization. J Res N B S 79A:671–69910.6028/jres.079A.026 ↗
35. Janeschitz-Kriegl H (2003) How to understand nucleation in crystallizing polymer melts under real processing conditions. Colloid Polym Sci 28:1157–117110.1007/s00396-002-0747-3 ↗
36. Müller AJ, Balsamo V, Arnal ML, Jakob T, Schmalz H, Abetz V (2005) Nucleation and crystallization in diblock and triblock copolymers. Block copolymers II, Adv Pol Sci 190:1–6310.1007/12_001 ↗
37. Billon N, Haudin JM (1989) Overall crystallization kinetics of thin polymer films: general theoretical approach. I: Volume nucleation. Colloid Polym Sci 267:1064–1076
38. Piorkowska E, Galeski A (2003) New possibilities in the description of overall crystallization of polymers. J Macrom Sci Phys 42:773–79210.1081/MB-120021606 ↗
39. Billon N, Chanial L, Vivien B, Haudin JM (1995) Crystallization of polymer blends. Some experimental and theoretical considerations. Ann Chem Fr 20:355–370