journal article·2018-11Open access

Single point incremental forming: state-of-the-art and prospects

Joost R. Duflou, Anne-Marie Habraken, Jian Cao, Rajiv Malhotra, Markus Bambach, Dave Adams, Hans Vanhove, Amirahmad Mohammadi, Jack Jeswiet

Abstract

Incremental sheet metal forming in general and Single Point Incremental Forming (SPIF) specifically have gone through a period of intensive development with growing attention from research institutes worldwide. The result of these efforts is significant progress in the understanding of the underlying forming mechanisms and opportunities as well as limitations associated with this category of flexible forming processes. Furthermore, creative process design efforts have enhanced the process capabilities and process planning methods. Also, simulation capabilities have evolved substantially. This review paper aims to provide an overview of the body of knowledge with respect to Single Point Incremental Forming. Without claiming to be exhaustive, each section aims for an up-to-date state-of-the-art review with corresponding conclusions on scientific progress and outlook on expected further developments.
Source: openaire · Quality: candidate unverified · Source record ↗

Research context

OpenAlex topics: Metal Forming Simulation Techniques · Laser and Thermal Forming Techniques · Advanced Surface Polishing Techniques

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

References (100+)

Show source-provided references
1. Jeswiet J, Micari F, Hirt G, Bramley A, Duflou J, Allwood J (2005) Asymmetric single point incremental forming of sheet metal. CIRP Ann Manuf Technol 54(2):88–114. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0007-8506(07)60021-310.1016/S0007-8506(07)60021-3 ↗
2. Adams D, Jeswiet J (2014) Design rules and applications of single-point incremental forming. Proc Inst Mech Eng B J Eng Manuf 229(5):754–76010.1177/0954405414531426 ↗
3. Leszak E (1967) Apparatus and process for incremental dieless forming. Patent US3342051A1, published 1967–09-19
4. Reddy NV, Lingam R, Cao J (2015) Incremental metal forming process in manufacturing in handbook of manufacturing engineering and technology. Springer-Verlag, London
5. Aerens R, Eyckens P, Van Bael A, Duflou JR (2010) Force prediction for single point incremental forming deduced from experimental and FEM observations. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 46(9–12):969–982. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-009-2160-210.1007/s00170-009-2160-2 ↗
6. Marabuto SR, Afonso D, Ferreira JAF, Melo FQ, Martins MABE, de Sousa RJA (2011) Finding the best machine for SPIF operations - a brief discussion. Key Eng Mater 473:861–868. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.473.86110.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.473.861 ↗
7. Ambrogio G, Gagliardi F, Filice L (2013) On the high-speed single point incremental forming of titanium alloys. CIRP Ann 62(1):243–246. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cirp.2013.03.05310.1016/j.cirp.2013.03.053 ↗
8. Vanhove H, Mohammadi A, Guo Y, Duflou JR (2014) High-speed single point incremental forming of an automotive aluminium alloy. Key Eng Mater 622-623:433–439. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.622-623.43310.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.622-623.433 ↗
9. Pereira Bastos RN, Alves de Sousa RJ, Fernandes Ferreira JA (2015) Enhancing time efficiency on single point incremental forming processes. Int J Mater Form 9(5):653–662. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12289-015-1251-x10.1007/s12289-015-1251-x ↗
10. Meier H, Dewald O, Zhang J (2005) Development of a robot-based sheet metal forming process. Steel Res Int 76(2–3):167–170. https://doi.org/10.1002/srin.20050599010.1002/srin.200505990 ↗
11. Verbert J, Aerens R, Vanhove H, Aertbeliën E, Duflou J (2009) Obtainable accuracies and compensation strategies for robot supported SPIF. Key Eng Mater 410–411:679–68710.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.410-411.679 ↗
12. Alves de Sousa RJ, Ferreira JAF, Sá de Farias JB, Torrão JND, Afonso DG, Martins MABE (2014) SPIF-A: on the development of a new concept of incremental forming machine. Struct Eng Mech 49(5):645–660. 10.12989/sem.2014.49.5.64510.12989/sem.2014.49.5.645 ↗
13. Johnson CF, Kiridena VS, Ren F, Xia ZC (2012) System and method for incrementally forming a workpiece, US Patent US8322176
14. Meier H, Buff B, Laurischka t R, Smukala V (2009) Increasing the part accuracy in dieless robot-based incremental sheet metal forming. CIRP Ann Manuf Technol 58(1):233–23810.1016/j.cirp.2009.03.056 ↗
15. Paniti I (2014) A novel, single-robot based two sided incremental sheet forming system, ISR/ROBOTIK. 41st International Symposium on Robotics, Proceedings of VDE
16. Ziran X, Gao L, Hussain G, Cui Z (2010) The performance of flat end and hemispherical end tools in single-point incremental forming. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 46(9-12):1113–1118. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-009-2179-410.1007/s00170-009-2179-4 ↗
17. Bhattacharya A, Maneesh K, Venkata Reddy N, Cao J (2011) Formability and surface finish studies in single point incremental forming. J Manuf Sci Eng 133:6 06102010.1115/1.4005458 ↗
18. Eyckens P, Van Bael A, Aerens R, Duflou J, Van Houtte P (2008) Small-scale finite element modelling of the plastic deformation zone in the incremental forming process. Int J Mater Form 1:115910.1007/s12289-008-0186-x ↗
19. Lu B, Fang Y, Xu DK, Chen J, Ou H, Moser NH, Cao J (2014) Mechanism investigation of friction-related effects in single point incremental forming using a developed oblique roller-ball tool. Int J Mach Tools Manuf 85:14–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmachtools.2014.04.00710.1016/j.ijmachtools.2014.04.007 ↗
20. Azevedo NG, Farias JS, Bastos RP, Teixeira P, Davim JP, De Sousa RJA (2015) Lubrication aspects during single point incremental forming for steel and aluminum materials. Int J Precis Eng Manuf 16:589. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12541-015-0079-010.1007/s12541-015-0079-0 ↗
21. Hussain G, Gao L, Hayat N, Cui Z, Pang YC, Dar NU (2008) Tool and lubrication for negative incremental forming of a commercially pure titanium sheet. Int J Mater Prod Technol 203(1–3):193–201. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2007.10.04310.1016/j.jmatprotec.2007.10.043 ↗
22. Duflou JR, Callebaut B, Verbert J, De Baerdemaeker H (2007) Laser assisted incremental forming: formability and accuracy improvement. CIRP Ann Manuf Technol 56(1):273–276. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cirp.2007.05.06310.1016/j.cirp.2007.05.063 ↗
23. Bouffioux C, Henrard C, Gu J, Duflou J, Habraken A (2007) Development of an inverse method for identification of materials parameters in the single point incremental sheet forming process. Proc. of the IDDRG 2007 International Conference
24. Emmens WC, Sebastiani G, van den Boogaard AH (2010) The technology of incremental sheet forming - a brief review of the history. J Mater Process Technol 210(8):981–997. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2010.02.01410.1016/j.jmatprotec.2010.02.014 ↗
25. Filice L, Fratini L, Micari F (2002) Analysis of material formability in incremental forming. CIRP Annals-Manufacturing Technology 51(1):199–202. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0007-8506(07)61499-110.1016/S0007-8506(07)61499-1 ↗
26. Emmens WC, van den Boogaard AH (2009) An overview of stabilizing deformation mechanisms in incremental sheet forming. J Mater Process Technol 209(8):3688–3695. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2008.10.00310.1016/j.jmatprotec.2008.10.003 ↗
27. Jackson K, Allwood JM (2009) The mechanics of incremental sheet forming. J Mater Process Technol 209(3):1158–1174. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2008.03.02510.1016/j.jmatprotec.2008.03.025 ↗
28. Malhotra R, Xue L, Belytschko T, Cao J (2012) Mechanics of fracture in single point incremental forming. J Mater Process Technol 212(7):1573–1590. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2012.02.02110.1016/j.jmatprotec.2012.02.021 ↗
29. Silva MB, Nielsen PS, Bay N, Martins PAF (2011) Failure mechanisms in single-point incremental forming of metals. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 56(9–12):893–903. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-011-3254-110.1007/s00170-011-3254-1 ↗
30. Eyckens P, He S, Van Bael A, Van Houtte P, Duflou J (2007) Forming limit predictions for the serrated strain paths in single point incremental sheet forming. AIP Conference Proceedings, Aip 908:141–14610.1063/1.2740802 ↗
31. Silva MB, Skjoedt M, Bay N, Martins PAF (2009) Revisiting single-point incremental forming and formability/failure diagrams by means of finite elements and experimentation. J Strain Anal Eng Des 44(4):221–234. https://doi.org/10.1243/03093247JSA52210.1243/03093247JSA522 ↗
32. Hussain G, Gao L, Hayat N, Ziran X (2009) A new formability indicator in single point incremental forming. J Mater Process Technol 209(9):4237–4242. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2008.11.02410.1016/j.jmatprotec.2008.11.024 ↗
33. Allwood J, Shouler D, Tekkaya A (2007) The increased forming limits of incremental sheet forming processes. Key Eng Mater 344:621–628. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.344.62110.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.344.621 ↗
34. Hirt G, Ames J, Bambach M, Kopp R (2004) Forming strategies and process modelling for CNC incremental sheet forming. CIRP Ann Manuf Technol 53(1):203–206. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0007-8506(07)60679-910.1016/S0007-8506(07)60679-9 ↗
35. Martins PAF, Bay N, Skjoedt M, Silva MB (2008) Theory of single point incremental forming. CIRP Ann Manuf Technol 57(1):247–252. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cirp.2008.03.04710.1016/j.cirp.2008.03.047 ↗
36. Smith J, Malhotra R, Liu WK, Cao J (2013) Deformation mechanics in single-point and accumulative double-sided incremental forming. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 69(5–8):1185–1201. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-013-5053-310.1007/s00170-013-5053-3 ↗
37. Montanari L, Cristino VA, Silva MB, Martins PAF (2013) A new approach for deformation history of material elements in hole-flanging produced by single point incremental forming. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 69(5–8):1175–1183. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-013-5117-410.1007/s00170-013-5117-4 ↗
38. Silva MB, Skjoedt M, Atkins AG, Bay N, Martins PAF (2008) Single-point incremental forming and formability-failure diagrams. J Strain Anal Eng Des 43(1):15–35. https://doi.org/10.1243/03093247JSA34010.1243/03093247JSA340 ↗
39. Behera AK, Lauwers B, Duflou J (2013) Tool path generation for single point incremental forming using intelligent sequencing and multi-step mesh morphing techniques. Key Eng Mater 554–557:1408–141810.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.554-557.1408 ↗
40. Behera AK, Verbert J, Lauwers B, Duflou JR (2013) Tool path compensation strategies for single point incremental sheet forming using multivariate adaptive regression splines. Comput Des 45(3):575–590
41. Beltran M, Malhotra R, Nelson AJ, Bhattacharya A, Reddy NV, Cao J (2013) Experimental study of failure modes and scaling effects in micro-incremental forming. ASME Journal of Micro- and Nano-Manufacturing 3:031005–03100110.1115/1.4025098 ↗
42. Sekine T, Obikawa T (2010) Single point micro incremental forming of miniature Shell structures. Journal of Advanced Mechanical Design, Systems, and Manufacturing 4(2):543–557. https://doi.org/10.1299/jamdsm.4.54310.1299/jamdsm.4.543 ↗
43. Donachie MJ (2000) Titanium: a technical guide, ASM International10.31399/asm.tb.ttg2.9781627082693 ↗
44. Avedesian MM, Baker H (1999) ASM specialty handbook: magnesium and magnesium alloys (ASM international)
45. Shi X, Gao L, Khalatbari H, Xu Y, Wang H, Jin L. (2013) Electric hot incremental forming of lowcarbon steel sheet: accuracy improvement. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 68(1–4):241–24710.1007/s00170-013-4724-4 ↗
46. Welsch G, Boyer R, Collings EW (1993) Materials properties handbook: Titanium Alloys. ASMInternational, Materials Park, OH
47. Kim SW, Lee YS, Kang SH, Lee JH (2007) Incremental forming of mg alloy sheet at elevated temperatures. J Mech Sci Technol 21(10):1518–1522. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF0317736810.1007/BF03177368 ↗
48. Palumbo G, Brandizzi M (2012) Experimental investigations on the single point incremental forming of a titanium alloy component combining static heating with high tool rotation speed. Mater Des 40(0):43–5110.1016/j.matdes.2012.03.031 ↗
49. Duflou J, Callebaut B, Verbert J, De Baerdemaeker H (2008) Improved SPIF performance through dynamic local heating. Int J Mach Tools Manuf 48(5):543–549. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmachtools.2007.08.01010.1016/j.ijmachtools.2007.08.010 ↗
50. Mohammadi A, Vanhove H, Van Bael A, Duflou JR (2016) Towards accuracy improvement in single point incremental forming of shallow parts formed under laser assisted conditions. Int J Mater Form 9(3):339–351. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12289-014-1203-x ISSN 1960-620610.1007/s12289-014-1203-x ↗
51. Mohammadi A, Vanhove H, Van Bael A, Seefeldt M, Duflou JR (2016) Effect of laser transformation hardening on the accuracy of SPIF formed parts. Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering (ASME) 139(1):011007–011007-12. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.403392610.1115/1.4033926 ↗
52. Göttmann A, Diettrich J, Bergweiler G, Bambach M, Hirt G, Loosen P, Poprawe R (2011) Laser-assisted asymmetric incremental sheet forming of titanium sheet metal parts. Prod Eng Res Devel 5(3):263–271. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11740-011-0299-910.1007/s11740-011-0299-9 ↗
53. Ghiotti A, Bruschi S (2010) A novel experimental set-up for warm incremental forming of AZ31B magnesium alloy sheets. Steel Res Int 81:950–954
54. Fan G, Gao L, Hussain G, Wu Z (2008) Electric hot incremental forming: a novel technique. Int J Mach Tools Manuf 48(15):1688–1692. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmachtools.2008.07.01010.1016/j.ijmachtools.2008.07.010 ↗
55. Ambrogio G, Filice L, Gagliardi F (2012) Formability of lightweight alloys by hot incremental sheet forming. Mater Des 34:501–508. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2011.08.02410.1016/j.matdes.2011.08.024 ↗
56. Fan G, Sun F, Meng X, Gao L, Tong G (2010) Electric hot incremental forming of Ti-6Al-4V titanium sheet. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 49(9):941–947. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-009-2472-210.1007/s00170-009-2472-2 ↗
57. Zhang Q, Xiao F, Guo H, Li C, Gao L, Guo X, Han W, Bondarev AB (2010) Warm negative incremental forming of magnesium alloy AZ31 Sheet: New lubricating method. J Mater Process Technol 210(2):323–32910.1016/j.jmatprotec.2009.09.018 ↗
58. Ji YH, Park JJ (2008) Formability of magnesium AZ31 sheet in the incremental forming at warm temperature. J Mater Process Technol 201(1–3):354–358. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2007.11.20610.1016/j.jmatprotec.2007.11.206 ↗
59. Ji YH, Park JJ (2008) Incremental forming of free surface with magnesium alloy AZ31 sheet at warm temperatures. Trans Nonferrous Metals Soc China 18, Supplement 1(0):165–169
60. Ambrogio G, Filice L, Manco GL (2008) Warm incremental forming of magnesium alloy AZ31. CIRP Ann Manuf Technol 57(1):257–260. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cirp.2008.03.06610.1016/j.cirp.2008.03.066 ↗
61. Galdos L, Argandoña ESD, Ulacia I, Arruebarrena G (2012) Warm incremental forming of magnesium alloys using hot fluid as heating media. Key Eng Mater 504–506:815–82010.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.504-506.815 ↗
62. Mohammadi A, Vanhove H, Weise D, Landgrebe D, Van Bael A, Duflou JR (2017) Influence of global forced-air warming on the bulge formation in shallow sloped SPIF parts. Procedia Engineering 183:149–154. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2017.04.04610.1016/j.proeng.2017.04.046 ↗
63. Göttmann A, Bailly D, Bergweiler G, Bambach M, Stollenwerk J, Hirt G, Loosen P (2013) A novel approach for temperature control in ISF supported by laser and resistance heating. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 67(9–12):2195–2205. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-012-4640-z10.1007/s00170-012-4640-z ↗
64. Salandro WA, Jones JJ, McNeal TA, Roth JT, Hong S-T, Smith MT (2010) Formability of al 5xxx sheet metals using pulsed current for various heat treatments. J Manuf Sci Eng 132(5):0151016. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.400218510.1115/1.4002185 ↗
65. Salandro W, Jones J, Bunget C, Mears L, Roth J (2015) Electrically assisted forming, modeling and control. Springer Series in Advanced Manufacturing10.1007/978-3-319-08879-2 ↗
66. Kinsey B, Cullen G, Jordan A, Mates S (2013) Investigation of electroplastic effect at high deformation rates for 304SS and Ti-6Al-4V. CIRP Ann 62(1):279–282. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cirp.2013.03.05810.1016/j.cirp.2013.03.058 ↗
67. Magargee J, Morestin F, Cao J (2013) Characterization of flow stress for commercially pure titanium subjected to electrically-assisted deformation. ASME Journal of Engineering Materials and Technologies 135(4):041003. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.402439410.1115/1.4024394 ↗
68. Perkins TA, Kronenberger TJ, Roth JT (2007) Metallic forging using electrical flow as an alternative to warm/hot working. J Manuf Sci Eng 129(1):84–94. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.238616410.1115/1.2386164 ↗
69. Magargee J, Fan R, Cao J (2013) Analysis and observations of current density sensitivity and thermally activated mechanical behavior in electrically-assisted deformation. ASME J Manufacturing Science and Engineering 135:061022. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.402588210.1115/1.4025882 ↗
70. Adams D, Jeswiet J (2014) Single point incremental forming of 6061-T6 using electrically assisted forming methods. Proc Inst Mech Eng B J Eng Manuf 228(7):757–764. https://doi.org/10.1177/095440541350167010.1177/0954405413501670 ↗
71. Hagan E, Jeswiet J (2003) A review of conventional and modern single-point sheet metal forming methods. Proc Inst Mech Eng B J Eng Manuf 217(2):213–225. https://doi.org/10.1243/09544050332114885810.1243/095440503321148858 ↗
72. Skjoedt M, Silva MB, Martins PAF, Bay N (2010) Strategies and limits in multi-stage single-point incremental forming. J Strain Anal Eng Des 45(1):33–44. https://doi.org/10.1243/03093247JSA57410.1243/03093247JSA574 ↗
73. Skjoedt M, Bay N, Endelt B, Ingarao G (2008) Multi stage strategies for single point incremental forming of a cup. J Mater Form 1(1):1199–1202. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12289-008-010.1007/s12289-008-0 ↗
74. Duflou JR, Verbert J, Belkassem B, Gu J, Sol H, Henrard C, Habraken AM (2008) Process window enhancement for single point incremental forming through multi-step toolpaths. CIRP Ann Manuf Technol 57(1):253–256. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cirp.2008.03.03010.1016/j.cirp.2008.03.030 ↗
75. Verbert J, Belkassem B, Henrard C, Habraken AM, Gu J, Sol H, Lauwers B, Duflou JR (2008) Multi-step Toolpath approach to overcome forming limitations in single point incremental forming. Int J Mater Form 1(1):1203–1206. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12289-008-010.1007/s12289-008-0 ↗
76. Liu Z, Daniel WJT, Li Y, Liu S, Meehan PA (2014) Multi-pass deformation design for incremental sheet forming: analytical modeling, finite element analysis and experimental validation. J Mater Process Technol 214(3):620–634. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2013.11.01010.1016/j.jmatprotec.2013.11.010 ↗
77. Li J, Hu J, Pan J, Geng P (2011) Thickness distribution and design of a multi-stage process for sheet metal incremental forming. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 62(9–12):981–988
78. Malhotra R, Bhattacharya A, Kumar A, Reddy NV, Cao J (2011) A new methodology for multi-pass single point incremental forming with mixed toolpaths. CIRP Ann - Manuf Technol 60(1):323–326. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cirp.2011.03.14510.1016/j.cirp.2011.03.145 ↗
79. Xu D, Malhotra R, Reddy NV, Chen J, Cao J (2012) Analytical prediction of stepped feature generation in multi-pass single point incremental forming. J Manuf Process 14(4):487–494. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmapro.2012.08.00310.1016/j.jmapro.2012.08.003 ↗
80. Cao T, Lu B, Xu D, Zhang H, Chen J, Long H, Cao J, (2015) An efficient method for thickness prediction in multi-pass incremental sheet forming. Int J Adv Manuf Technol, 2015 77(1):469–483. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-014-6489-910.1007/s00170-014-6489-9 ↗
81. Lingam R, Bansal A, Reddy NV (2015) Analytical prediction of formed geometry in multi-stage single point incremental forming. Int J Mater Form 9(3):395–40410.1007/s12289-015-1226-y ↗
82. Vanhove H, Gu J, Sol H, Duflou JR (2011) Process window extension for incremental forming through optimal work plane rotation. Steel Res Int, Special edition ICTP 2011, 508–512
83. Tanaka S, Hayakawa K, Nakamura T, (2011) Incremental sheet forming with direction control of path planes. Steel Research Int., Special edition ICTP 2011, 503–507
84. Jeswiet J, Duflou JR, Szekeres A, Lefebvre P (2005) Custom manufacture of a solar cooker – a case study. Adv Mater Res 6–8:487–492. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.6-8.48710.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.6-8.487 ↗
85. Ambrogio G, Gagliardi F, Bruschi S, Filice L (2013) Robust design of incremental sheet forming by Taguchi’s method. Procedia CIRP 12:270–275. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2013.09.04710.1016/j.procir.2013.09.047 ↗
86. Azaouzi M, Lebaal N (2012) Tool path optimization for single point incremental sheet forming using response surface method. Simul Model Pract Theory 24:49–58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.simpat.2012.01.00810.1016/j.simpat.2012.01.008 ↗
87. Jeswiet J (2005) Asymmetric incremental sheet forming. Adv Mater Res 6–8:35–5810.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.6-8.35 ↗
88. Malhotra R, Reddy NV, Cao J (2010) Automatic 3D spiral Toolpath generation for single point incremental forming. J Manuf Sci Eng 132(6):061003. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.400254410.1115/1.4002544 ↗
89. Rauch M, Hascoet J-Y, Hamann J-C, Plenel Y (2009) Tool path programming optimization for incremental sheet forming applications. Comput Des 41(12):877–885
90. Duflou JR, Vanhove H, Verbert J, Gu J, Vasilakos I, Eyckens P (2010) Twist revisited: twist phenomena in single point incremental forming. CIRP Ann Manuf Technol 59(1):307–310. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cirp.2010.03.01810.1016/j.cirp.2010.03.018 ↗
91. Hamilton K, Jeswiet J (2010) Single point incremental forming at high feed rates and rotational speeds: surface and structural consequences. CIRP Ann Manuf Technol 59(1):311–314. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cirp.2010.03.01610.1016/j.cirp.2010.03.016 ↗
92. Ham M, Jeswiet J (2007) Forming limit curves in single point incremental forming. CIRP Ann Manuf Technol 56(1):277–280. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cirp.2007.05.06410.1016/j.cirp.2007.05.064 ↗
93. Bahloul R, Arfa H, BelHadjSalah H (2014) A study on optimal design of process parameters in single point incremental forming of sheet metal by combining box–Behnken design of experiments, response surface methods and genetic algorithms. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 74(1–4):163–185. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-014-5975-410.1007/s00170-014-5975-4 ↗
94. Desai BV, Desai KP, Raval HK (2014) Die-less rapid prototyping process: parametric investigations. Prog Mater Sci 6:666–673. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mspro.2014.07.08210.1016/j.mspro.2014.07.082 ↗
95. Jeswiet J, Hagan E, Szekeres A (2002) Forming parameters for incremental forming of aluminium alloy sheet metal. Proc Inst Mech Eng B J Eng Manuf 216(10):1367–1371. https://doi.org/10.1243/09544050232040545810.1243/095440502320405458 ↗
96. León J, Salcedo D, Ciáurriz C, Luis CJ, Fuertes JP, Puertas I, Luri R (2013) Analysis of the influence of geometrical parameters on the mechanical properties of incremental sheet forming parts. Procedia Eng 63:445–453. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2013.08.20610.1016/j.proeng.2013.08.206 ↗
97. Sarraji WKH, Hussain J, Ren W-X (2012) Experimental investigations on forming time in negative incremental sheet metal forming process. Mater Manuf Process 27(5):499–506. https://doi.org/10.1080/10426914.2011.58555010.1080/10426914.2011.585550 ↗
98. Ambrogio G, Cozza V, Filice L, Micari F (2007) An analytical model for improving precision in single point incremental forming. J Mater Process Technol 191(1–3):92–95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2007.03.07910.1016/j.jmatprotec.2007.03.079 ↗
99. Bhattacharya A (2014) Studies on incremental forming to enhance accuracy and geometric complexity, PhD Dissertation, IIT Kanpur
100. Lu B, Chen J, Ou H, Cao J (2013) Feature-based tool path generation approach for incremental sheet forming process. J Mater Process Technol 213(7):1221–1233. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2013.01.02310.1016/j.jmatprotec.2013.01.023 ↗