The impact of hydrogen flakes on the uniaxial and biaxial fracture toughness of a forged ferritic steel
Source abstract
Abstract
Abstract This work focuses on the effects of hydrogen flakes on the fracture toughness of forged ferritic steel under uniaxial or biaxial loading conditions. The fracture toughness under uniaxial loading was investigated on CT specimens and cruciform specimens were used for the biaxial loading conditions representative of a thermal shock in a Reactor Pressure Vessel. The observed decrease in fracture toughness in the flaked material was related to the higher carbon content near the hydrogen flake. Moreover, the nature of the initial defect (fatigue crack or hydrogen flake) did not significantly affect the fracture toughness. The cruciform specimen exhibited higher fracture toughness compared to CT specimens, even in the presence of flakes. This confirmed the conservatism of standard fracture analyses used for structure integrity assessment based on a lower bound fracture toughness curve obtained from CT specimens.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Fatigue and fracture mechanics · Hydrogen embrittlement and corrosion behaviors in metals · High Temperature Alloys and Creep
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
References (24)
Show source-provided references
1. ASTM Standard Test Methods for linear-elastic plane-strain fracture toughness of metallic materials, ASTM E399 Standard, American Society for Testing of Materials, West Conshohocken, PA. https://doi.org/10.1520/E0399-2210.1520/E0399-22 ↗
2. ASTM standard test methods for determination of reference temperature, t0, for ferritic steels in the transition range, ASTM E1921 Standard, American Society for Testing of Materials, West Conshohocken, PA. https://doi.org/10.1520/E1921-2310.1520/E1921-23 ↗
3. Bass BR, McAfee WJ, Williams PT, Pennell WE (1999) Fracture assessment of shallow-flaw cruciform beams tested under uniaxial and biaxial loading conditions. Nucl Eng des 188:259–288. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0029-5493(99)00035-710.1016/S0029-5493(99)00035-7 ↗
4. Bridgman PW (1952) Studies in large plastic flow and fracture: with special emphasis on the effects of hydrostatic pressure. Science 115:424. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.115.2990.424.a10.1126/science.115.2990.424.a ↗
5. Cao Y, Qian G, He Y, Niffenegger M, Chao YJ (2018) Constraint assessment for specimens tested under uniaxial and biaxial loading conditions. J Press Vessel Technol 140:031401–031411. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.403934610.1115/1.4039346 ↗
6. Chaouadi R, Gérard R, Walle EV (2016) Fracture toughness characterization of vessel forging with hydrogen flaked specimens. Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference, July 2016, Vancouver, Canada, ISBN: 978–079185035–0, Vol. 1A, https://doi.org/10.1115/PVP2016-6363210.1115/PVP2016-63632 ↗
7. Chen Z, Kouzoumis K, Kulka R, Hadley I, Coules H (2023) A novel unified constraint parameter based on plastic strain energy. Theor Appl Fract Mech 126:103990. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tafmec.2023.10399010.1016/j.tafmec.2023.103990 ↗
8. Delvallée-Nunio I, Loiseau O, Monhardt D, Buiron A (2018) Assessment of the fitness for service of the Flamanville EPR reactor pressure vessel closure head and bottom head domes containing a segregation zone characterized by a high carbon content. Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference, July 2018, Prague, Czech Republic, ISBN: 978–079185167–8, Vol. 6A, 10.1115/ PVP20188413210.1115/PVP2018-84132 ↗
9. Dodds RH Jr, Fong Shih C, Anderson TL (1993) Continuum and micromechanics treatment of constraint in fracture. Int J Fract 64:101–133. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF0001669310.1007/BF00016693 ↗
10. Federal Agency for Nuclear Control (FANC) (2015 Doel 3 & Tihange 2 RPV issue: FANC synthesis note on “hydrogen induced cracking” hypothesis. Internal Note. https://afcn.fgov.be/fr
11. Hohe J, Luckow S, Hardenacke V, Sguaizer Y, Siegele D (2011) Enhanced fracture assessment under biaxial external loads using small scale cruciform bending specimens. Eng Fract Mech 78:1876–1894. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfracmech.2011.03.01310.1016/j.engfracmech.2011.03.013 ↗
12. Jacquemoud C, Delvallée-Nunio I (2018) Mechanical behaviour of a forged ferritic steel shell containing numerous hydrogen flakes. Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference, July 2018, Prague, Czech Republic, ISBN: 978–079185158–6, Vol. 1A, https://doi.org/10.1115/PVP20188408710.1115/PVP201884087 ↗
13. Jacquemoud C, Delvallée-Nunio I, Loiseau O, Mechanical properties of a forged ferritic steel vessel shell containing hydrogen flakes, FONTEVRAUD 9, 17 – 20 September 2018, Avignon, France.10.1115/PVP2018-84087 ↗
14. Lacroix V, Structural Integrity Assessment of Doel 3 and Tihange 2 RPVs linear elastic and elastic-plastic X-FEM calculations performed for large scale tests, Proceedings of ASME Pressure Vessels & Piping conference (PVP 2016), PVP2016–63767, Vancouver (CA), 201610.1115/PVP2016-63767 ↗
15. Lebedev AA, Muzyka NR (1998) Design of cruciform specimens for fracture toughness tests in biaxial tension (Review). Strength Mater 30:243–254. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF0252472310.1007/BF02524723 ↗
16. Link RE, Joyce JA, Roe C (2007) An experimental investigation of the effect of biaxial loading on the master curve transition temperature in RPV steels. Eng Fract Mech 74:2824–2843. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfracmech.2006.12.03010.1016/j.engfracmech.2006.12.030 ↗
17. McAfee WJ, Richard Bass B, Williams PT (2001) Shallow flaws under biaxial loading conditions-part I: the effect of specimen size on fracture toughness values obtained from large-scale cruciform specimens. J Press Vessel Technol 123:10–24. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.134391010.1115/1.1343910 ↗
18. Moinereau D, Chapuliot S, Marie S, Jacquemoud C (2014) NESC VII synthesis: A European project for application of WPS in RPV assessment including biaxial loading. Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference, July 2014, Anaheim, United States of America, ISBN: 978–079184603–2, Vol. 6A, https://doi.org/10.1115/PVP2014-2807610.1115/PVP2014-28076 ↗
19. Pennell WE, Corwin WR (1995) Reactor pressure vessel structural integrity research. Nucl Eng des 157:159–175. https://doi.org/10.1016/0029-5493(95)00987-N10.1016/0029-5493(95)00987-N ↗
20. Qian G, Cao Y, Niffenegger M, Chao YJ, Wu W (2018) Comparison of constraint analyses with global and local approaches under uniaxial and biaxial loadings. Eur J Mech A Solids 69:135–146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euromechsol.2017.12.00610.1016/j.euromechsol.2017.12.006 ↗
21. RCC-M, Design and Conception Rules for Mechanical Components of PWR Nuclear Islands, AFCEN
22. Tankoua F, Thibaux P, Crépin J, Cooreman S, Gourgues-Lorenzon AF (2022) Contribution of the microtexture evolution induced by plastic deformation on the resistance of a hot-rolled pipeline steel to flat cleavage fracture and to brittle delamination cracking. Int J Fract 233:211–237. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10704-022-00621-710.1007/s10704-022-00621-7 ↗
23. Technical Reports Series 429, Guidelines for Application of the Master Curve Approach to Reactor Pressure Vessel Integrity in Nuclear Power Plants, IAEA
24. Ziebs J, Aurich D, Erbe H, Veith H, Helms R (1981) The influence of the stress state on fracture toughness. Int J Press Vessels Pip 9:221–232. https://doi.org/10.1016/0308-0161(81)90003-X10.1016/0308-0161(81)90003-X ↗