The study on the high cycle fatigue performance and life prediction of Ti–6Al–4V alloy fabricated by laser engineered net shaping
Source abstract
Abstract
Abstract Three-dimensional characterization of internal defects in Ti-6Al-4V alloy fabricated by Laser Engineered Net Shaping (LENS) was conducted by utilizing synchrotron X-ray imaging technology. Subsequently, the statistical analysis of defect size, quantity, and morphology characteristics was performed. Additionally, high cycle fatigue tests were conducted to analyze the high cycle fatigue performance of LENS Ti-6Al-4V alloy and elucidate the causes of its anisotropic behavior. Furthermore, based on the multi-stage crack growth model, the high cycle fatigue life of LENS Ti-6Al-4V alloy was predicted. The results showed that the quantity and size of internal defects were small, with defects predominantly spherical pores and no lack of fusion defects detected. Longitudinal specimens exhibited significantly higher fatigue life at high stress levels compared to transverse specimens. The anisotropic behavior of high cycle fatigue performance of LENS Ti-6Al-4V alloy at high stress levels was mainly attributed to the anisotropic distribution of its microstructure. As stress levels decreased, the fatigue life of both types of specimens approached each other, with fatigue strengths of 650 MPa and 656 MPa at 2×106 cycles for longitudinal and transverse specimens respectively, showing minimal difference. In addition, the predictions from the multi-stage crack growth model aligned well with experimental results, effectively predicting the high cycle fatigue life of LENS Ti-6Al-4V alloy.
Source: openaire · Quality: candidate unverified · Source record ↗
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Additive Manufacturing Materials and Processes · High Entropy Alloys Studies · Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
References (33)
Show source-provided references
1. Afroz L, Das R, Qian M, Easton M, Brandt M (2022) Fatigue behaviour of laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) Ti–6Al–4V, Al-Si-Mg and stainless steels: a brief overview. Int J Fract 235(1):3–4610.1007/s10704-022-00641-3 ↗
2. Armstrong M, Mehrabi H, Naveed N (2022) An overview of modern metal additive manufacturing technology. J Manuf Process 84:1001–102910.1016/j.jmapro.2022.10.060 ↗
3. Barr C, Rashid RAR, Da Sun S, Easton M, Palanisamy S, Orchowski N, Brandt M (2021) Role of deposition strategy and fill depth on the tensile and fatigue performance of 300 M repaired through laser directed energy deposition. Int J Fatigue 146:10613510.1016/j.ijfatigue.2020.106135 ↗
4. Becker TH, Dhansay NM, Ter Haar GM, Vanmeensel K (2020) Near-threshold fatigue crack growth rates of laser powder bed fusion produced Ti–6Al–4V. Acta Mater 197:269–28210.1016/j.actamat.2020.07.049 ↗
5. Chan KS (2003) A microstructure-based fatigue-crack-initiation model. Metall Mater Trans A 34:43–5810.1007/s11661-003-0207-9 ↗
6. Donnelly E, Nelson D (2002) A study of small crack growth in aluminum alloy 7075–T6. Int J Fatigue 24(11):1175–118910.1016/S0142-1123(02)00025-7 ↗
7. Forman RG, Mettu SR (1992) Behavior of surface and corner cracks subjected to tensile and bending loads in Ti–6Al–4V alloy. In: Ernst HA, Saxena A, McDowell DL (eds) Fracture mechanics: 22nd symposium. ASTM STP 1131. American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, pp 519–546
8. Gong G, Ye J, Chi Y, Zhao Z, Wang Z, Xia G, Chen C (2021) Research status of laser additive manufacturing for metal: a review. J Mater Res Technol 15:855–88410.1016/j.jmrt.2021.08.050 ↗
9. Han S, Dinh TD, De Baere I, Boone M, Josipovic I, Van Paepegem W (2024) Study of the effect of defects on fatigue life prediction of additive manufactured Ti–6Al–4V by combined use of micro-computed tomography and fracture-mechanics-based simulation. Int J Fatigue 180:10811010.1016/j.ijfatigue.2023.108110 ↗
10. Hotz H, Zimmermann M, Greco S, Kirsch B, Aurich JC (2021) Additive manufacturing of functionally graded Ti–Al structures by laser-based direct energy deposition. J Manuf Process 68:1524–153410.1016/j.jmapro.2021.06.068 ↗
11. Hu YN, Wu SC, Wu ZK, Zhong XL, Ahmed S, Karabal S, Withers PJ (2020a) A new approach to correlate the defect population with the fatigue life of selective laser melted Ti–6Al–4V alloy. Int J Fatigue 136:10558410.1016/j.ijfatigue.2020.105584 ↗
12. Hu YN, Wu SC, Withers PJ, Zhang J, Bao HYX, Fu YN, Kang GZ (2020b) The effect of manufacturing defects on the fatigue life of selective laser melted Ti–6Al–4V structures. Mater Des 192:10870810.1016/j.matdes.2020.108708 ↗
13. Hu LK, Zhang JW, Li H, Su KX, Ji DD (2024) Thermal stress field and microstructure evolution of Ti–6Al–4V fabricated by laser engineered net shaping. Met Mater Int 30(2):441–45610.1007/s12540-023-01504-9 ↗
14. Le VD, Pessard E, Morel F, Edy F (2019) Interpretation of the fatigue anisotropy of additively manufactured TA6V alloys via a fracture mechanics approach. Eng Fract Mech 214:410–42610.1016/j.engfracmech.2019.03.048 ↗
15. Leuders S, Thöne M, Riemer A, Niendorf T, Tröster T, Richard HA, Maier HJ (2013) On the mechanical behaviour of titanium alloy TiAl6V4 manufactured by selective laser melting: Fatigue resistance and crack growth performance. Int J Fatigue 48:300–30710.1016/j.ijfatigue.2012.11.011 ↗
16. Li Y, Chen Z, Lin L, Liu S, Wang H, Zhang J (2022) Effect of pores on the stress field of high-frequency vibration of TC17 specimen manufactured by laser additive. Int J Fract 235(1):117–12710.1007/s10704-021-00613-z ↗
17. Li H, Zhang JW, Hu LK, Su KX (2023) Notch fatigue life prediction of micro-shot peened 25CrMo4 alloy steel: a comparison between fracture mechanics and machine learning methods. Eng Fract Mech 277:10899210.1016/j.engfracmech.2022.108992 ↗
18. Liu YM, Mahadevan S (2009) Fatigue limit prediction of notched components using short crack growth theory and an asymptotic interpolation method. Eng Fract Mech 76(15):2317–233110.1016/j.engfracmech.2008.06.006 ↗
19. Liu Y, Ding Y, Yang L, Sun R, Zhang T, Yang X (2021) Research and progress of laser cladding on engineering alloys: a review. J Manuf Process 66:341–36310.1016/j.jmapro.2021.03.061 ↗
20. Lv H, Zhang Z, Chen Y, Liu Y, Chen H, Chen Y, Chen J (2022) The anisotropy of high cycle fatigue property and fatigue crack growth behavior of Ti–6Al–4V alloy fabricated by high-power laser metal deposition. Mater Sci Eng A 853:14374510.1016/j.msea.2022.143745 ↗
21. Nalla RK, Ritchie RO, Boyce BL (2002) Influence of microstructure on high-cycle fatigue of Ti–6Al–4V: bimodal vs. lamellar structures. Metall Mater Trans A 33:899–91810.1007/s11661-002-0160-z ↗
22. Neal DF, Blenkinsop PA (1976) Internal fatigue origins in two alpha-beta titanium alloys. Acta Metall 24(1):5910.1016/0001-6160(76)90147-4 ↗
23. Newman JC Jr (1984) A crack opening stress equation for fatigue crack growth. Int J Fract 24(4):131–13510.1007/BF00020751 ↗
24. Piscopo G, Iuliano L (2022) Current research and industrial application of laser powder directed energy deposition. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 119(11–12):6893–691710.1007/s00170-021-08596-w ↗
25. Sanaei N, Fatemi A (2021) Defects in additive manufactured metals and their effect on fatigue performance: a state-of-the-art review. Prog Mater Sci 117:10072410.1016/j.pmatsci.2020.100724 ↗
26. Sandgren HR, Zhai Y, Lados DA, Shade PA, Schuren JC, Groeber MA, Gavras AG (2016) Characterization of fatigue crack growth behavior in LENS fabricated Ti–6Al–4V using high-energy synchrotron x-ray microtomography. Addit Manuf 12:132–141
27. Sterling A, Shamsaei N, Torries B, Thompson SM (2015) Fatigue behaviour of additively manufactured Ti–6Al–4V. Procedia Eng 133:576–58910.1016/j.proeng.2015.12.632 ↗
28. Sun W, Huang W, Zhang W, Qian X (2020) Effects of build direction on tensile and fatigue performance of selective laser melting Ti6Al4V titanium alloy. Int J Fatigue 130:10526010.1016/j.ijfatigue.2019.105260 ↗
29. Tanaka K, Mura T (1981) A dislocation model for fatigue crack initiation. J Appl Mech 48(1):97–10310.1115/1.3157599 ↗
30. Torries B, Shamsaei N (2017) Fatigue behavior and modeling of additively manufactured Ti–6Al–4V including interlayer time interval effects. J Miner Met Mater Soc 69(12):2698–270510.1007/s11837-017-2625-y ↗
31. Venkataraman G, Chung YW, Nakasone Y, Mura T (1990) Free energy formulation of fatigue crack initiation along persistent slip bands: calculation of S–N curves and crack depths. Acta Metall Mater 38(1):31–4010.1016/0956-7151(90)90132-Z ↗
32. Wu SC, Xiao TQ, Withers PJ (2017) The imaging of failure in structural materials by synchrotron radiation X-ray microtomography. Eng Fract Mech 182:127–15610.1016/j.engfracmech.2017.07.027 ↗
33. Zhai YW, Lados DA, Brown EJ, Vigilante GN (2016) Fatigue crack growth behavior and microstructural mechanisms in Ti–6Al–4V manufactured by laser engineered net shaping. Int J Fatigue 93:51–6310.1016/j.ijfatigue.2016.08.009 ↗