journal article·2024-12

Wave interactions and fracture evolution in a thin glass plate under impact: a combined experimental and peridynamic analysis

Yenan Wang, Chian-Fong Yen, Jian Yu, Jared Wright, Florin Bobaru

International Journal of Fracture· Volume 248· Issue 1-3
Publisher page

Abstract

Abstract We perform experiments and peridynamic simulations to understand the evolution of cracks in a thin glass plate, backed by a polycarbonate plate, impacted by a small projectile at 150m/s. We use the peridynamic model to investigate how various types of crack systems are generated by the impact event and how they evolve in time. Detail investigations of wave interactions and the different cracks and failure types they generate are performed using the peridynamic model. Post-mortem analysis of glass fragments allows comparisons with the computational results in terms of kind and location of crack systems. Fractography results provide information about the growth direction for some of the edge-cracks and the peridynamic results are used to explain the particular wave interactions leading to the observed behavior. The model captures, in an average sense, some wispy/very fine cracks (surface roughness) experimentally observed on fragments coming from the ends of the Hertzian-cone crack. This is the first attempt at using a computational model to predict the fine details and complex mechanisms of the origin and time-evolution of fracture and fragmentation in a glass plate from impact.
Source: openaire · Quality: candidate unverified · Source record ↗

Research context

OpenAlex topics: Numerical methods in engineering · Geotechnical Engineering and Underground Structures · Fluid Dynamics Simulations and Interactions

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

References (63)

Show source-provided references
1. Achenbach J (1973) Wave propagation in elastic solids. North-holland Publishing Company, Amsterdam
2. Aguiar AR (2016) On the Determination of a Peridynamic Constant in a Linear Constitutive Model. J Elast 122(1):27–3910.1007/s10659-015-9531-8 ↗
3. Aguiar AR, Fosdick R (2014) A constitutive model for a linearly elastic peridynamic body. Math Mech Solids 19(5):502–52310.1177/1081286512472092 ↗
4. Aranson I, Kalatsky V, Vinokur V (2000) Continuum field description of crack propagation. Phys Rev Lett 85(1):11810.1103/PhysRevLett.85.118 ↗
5. ASTM C1322-15 (2019), Standard Practice for Fractography and Characterization of Fracture Origins in Advanced Ceramics, West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM International.
6. Bless S, Chen T (2010) Impact damage in layered glass. Int J Fract 162(1–2):151–15810.1007/s10704-009-9379-7 ↗
7. Bobaru F, Ha Y, Hu W (2012) Damage progression from impact in layered glass modeled with peridynamics. Open Engineering 2(4):551–56110.2478/s13531-012-0020-6 ↗
8. Bobaru F, Hu W (2012) The meaning, selection, and use of the peridynamic horizon and its relation to crack branching in brittle materials. Int J Fract 176(2):215–22210.1007/s10704-012-9725-z ↗
9. Bobaru F, Xu Z, Wang Y (2016) Peridynamic Modeling of Impact and Fragmentation, in Handbook of Peridynamic Modeling, Taylor and Francis, pp. 381–407.10.1201/9781315373331 ↗
10. Bobaru F, Yang M, Alves LF, Silling SA (2009) Convergence, adaptive refinement, and scaling in 1D peridynamics. Int J Numer Meth Eng 77(6):852–87710.1002/nme.2439 ↗
11. Bobaru F, Zhang G (2015) Why do cracks branch? A peridynamic investigation of dynamic brittle fracture. Int J Fract 196(1):59–9810.1007/s10704-015-0056-8 ↗
12. Borden MJ, Verhoosel CV, Scott MA, Hughes TJ, Landis CM (2012) A phase-field description of dynamic brittle fracture. Comput Methods Appl Mech Eng 217:77–9510.1016/j.cma.2012.01.008 ↗
13. Bourdin B, Christopher JL, Casey LR (2011) A time-discrete model for dynamic fracture based on crack regularization. Int J Fract 168(2):133–14310.1007/s10704-010-9562-x ↗
14. Bourdin B, Francfort G, Marigo JJ (2008) The variational approach to fracture. J Elast 91(1–3):5–14810.1007/s10659-007-9107-3 ↗
15. Bowden FP, Field JE (1964) The brittle fracture of solids by liquid impact, by solid impact, and by shock. Proc R Soc Lond A 282(1390):331–35210.1098/rspa.1964.0236 ↗
16. Chaudhri MM (2015) Dynamic fracture of inorganic glasses by hard spherical and conical projectiles. Philos Trans A 373(2038):20140135
17. Chaudhri MM, Chen L (1986) The catastrophic failure of thermally tempered glass caused by small-particle impact. Nature 320:48–5010.1038/320048a0 ↗
18. Chen Z, Bakenhus D, Bobaru F (2016) A constructive peridynamic kernel for elasticity. Comput Methods Appl Mech Eng 311:356–37310.1016/j.cma.2016.08.012 ↗
19. Chen Z, Bobaru F (2015) Selecting the kernel in a peridynamic formulation: A study for transient heat diffusion. Comput Phys Commun 197:51–6010.1016/j.cpc.2015.08.006 ↗
20. Chen X, Chan AH (2018) Modelling impact fracture and fragmentation of laminated glass using the combined finite-discrete element method. Int J Impact Eng 112:15–2910.1016/j.ijimpeng.2017.10.007 ↗
21. Dipasquale D, Sarego G, Zaccariotto M, Galvanetto U (2016) Dependence of crack paths on the orientation of regular 2D peridynamic grids. Eng Fract Mech 160:247–26310.1016/j.engfracmech.2016.03.022 ↗
22. Field F (1988) Investigation of the impact performance of various glass and ceramic systems," United States Army, European Research Office of the U.S. Army, London, England
23. Field JE, Sun Q, Townsend D (1989) Ballistic impact of ceramics. Inst Phys Conf Ser 102:387–394
24. Ha Y, Bobaru F (2010) Studies of dynamic crack propagation and crack branching with peridynamics. Int J Fract 162(1–2):229–24410.1007/s10704-010-9442-4 ↗
25. Ha Y, Bobaru F (2011a) Characteristics of dynamic brittle fracture captured with peridynamics. Eng Fract Mech 78(6):1156–116810.1016/j.engfracmech.2010.11.020 ↗
26. Ha Y D, and Bobaru F (2011b) Dynamic brittle fracture captured with Peridynamics," In ASME 2011 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition, pp. 437–442. American Society of Mechanical Engineers10.1115/IMECE2011-65515 ↗
27. Hertz H (1881) On the contact of elastic solids. J Reine Angew Math 110:156–171
28. Henke SF, Shanbhag S (2014) Mesh sensitivity in peridynamic simulations. Comput Phys Commun 185:181–19310.1016/j.cpc.2013.09.010 ↗
29. Hirobe S, Sato Y, Takato Y, Oguni K (2023) Numerical analysis of glass edge chipping by impact loading. Int J Fract 243(1):31–4510.1007/s10704-023-00720-z ↗
30. Hu W, Ha Y, Bobaru F (2010) Numerical intergration in peridynamics. University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering
31. Hu W, Ha Y, Bobaru F (2012) Peridynamic model for dynamic fracture in unidirectional fiber-reinforced composites. Comput Methods Appl Mech Eng 217:247–26110.1016/j.cma.2012.01.016 ↗
32. Hu W, Wang Y, Yu J, Yen C-F, Bobaru F (2013) Impact damage on a thin glass plate with a thin polycarbonate backing. Int J Impact Eng 62:152–16510.1016/j.ijimpeng.2013.07.001 ↗
33. Jafarzadeh S, Mousavi F, Larios A, Bobaru F (2022) A general and fast convolution-based method for peridynamics: Applications to elasticity and brittle fracture. Comput Methods Appl Mech Eng 392:11466610.1016/j.cma.2022.114666 ↗
34. Jafarzadeh S, Mousavi F, Wang L, Bobaru F (2024) PeriFast/dynamics: A MATLAB code for explicit fast convolution-based peridynamic analysis of deformation and fracture. J Peridynam Nonlocal Model 6:33–6110.1007/s42102-023-00097-6 ↗
35. Knight CG, Swain MV, Chaudhri MM (1977) Impact of small steel spheres on glass surfaces. J Mater Sci 12(8):1573–158610.1007/BF00542808 ↗
36. Kocer C, Collins RE (1998) Angle of Hertzian cone cracks. J Am Ceram Soc 81(7):1736–174210.1111/j.1151-2916.1998.tb02542.x ↗
37. Le Q, Bobaru F (2018) Surface corrections for peridynamic models in elasticity and fracture. Comput Mech 61:499–51810.1007/s00466-017-1469-1 ↗
38. Lei Z, Rougier E, Knight EE, Zang M, Munjiza A (2021) Impact fracture and fragmentation of glass via the 3D combined finite-discrete element method. Appl Sci 11(6):248410.3390/app11062484 ↗
39. Marder M (2015) Particle methods in the study of fracture. Int J Fract 196(1):169–18810.1007/s10704-015-0070-x ↗
40. Niazi S, Chen Z, Bobaru F (2021) Crack nucleation in brittle and quasi-brittle materials: A peridynamic analysis. Theoret Appl Fract Mech 112:10285510.1016/j.tafmec.2020.102855 ↗
41. Pyttel T, Liebertz H, Cai J (2011) Failure criterion for laminated glass under impact loading and its application in finite element simulation. Int J Impact Eng 38(4):252–26310.1016/j.ijimpeng.2010.10.035 ↗
42. Quinn GD (2006) NIST Recommended Practice Guide: Fractography of Ceramics and Glasses, Special Publication (NIST SP) - 960–16, September 26.10.6028/NBS.SP.960-16 ↗
43. Rahman M, Michelitsch T (2006) A note on the formula for the Rayleigh wave speed. Wave Motion 43(3):272–27610.1016/j.wavemoti.2005.10.002 ↗
44. Ravi-Chandar K (2004) Dynamic fracture. Elsevier, Amsterdam
45. Rudshaug J, Hopperstad OS, Borvik T (2023) Capturing fracture initiation and crack propagation of car windshields. Eng Fract Mech 290:10946110.1016/j.engfracmech.2023.109461 ↗
46. Sarego G, Le QV, Bobaru F, Zaccariotto M, Galvanetto U (2016) Linearized state-based peridynamics for 2D problems. Int J Numer Meth Eng 108:1174–119710.1002/nme.5250 ↗
47. Seagraves A, Radovitzky R (2015) Large-scale 3D modeling of projectile impact damage in brittle plates. J Mech Phys Solids 83:48–7110.1016/j.jmps.2015.06.001 ↗
48. Seleson P (2014) Improved one-point quadrature algorithms for two-dimensional peridynamic models based on analytical calculations. Comput Methods Appl Mech Eng 282:184–21710.1016/j.cma.2014.06.016 ↗
49. Sherman D (2000) Impact failure mechanisms in alumina tiles on finite thickness support and the effect of confinement. Int J Impact Eng 24(3):313–32810.1016/S0734-743X(99)00147-5 ↗
50. Sherman D, Tamir B-S (1988) Quasi-static impact damage in confined ceramic tiles. Int J Impact Eng 21(4):245–26510.1016/S0734-743X(97)00063-8 ↗
51. Silling SA (2000) Reformulation of elasticity theory for discontinuities and long range force. J Mech Phys Solids 48(1):175–20610.1016/S0022-5096(99)00029-0 ↗
52. Silling S (2005) Fragmentation modeling with EMU. Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerquez
53. Silling SA (2014) Origin and effect of nonlocality in a compiste. J Mech Mater Struct 9(2):245–25810.2140/jomms.2014.9.245 ↗
54. Silling SA, Askari E (2005) A meshfree method based on the peridynamic model of solid mechanics. Comput Struct 83(17):1526–153510.1016/j.compstruc.2004.11.026 ↗
55. Silling SA, Bobaru F (2005) Peridynamic modeling of membranes and fibers. Int J Non-Linear Mech 40(2):395–40910.1016/j.ijnonlinmec.2004.08.004 ↗
56. Silling SA, Epton M, Weckner O, Xu J, Askari E (2007) Peridynamic states and constitutive modeling. J Elast 88(2):151–18410.1007/s10659-007-9125-1 ↗
57. Song J-H, Wang HW, Belytschko T (2008) A comparative study on finite element methods for dynamic fracture. Comput Mech 42(2):239–25010.1007/s00466-007-0210-x ↗
58. Timmel M, Kolling S, Osterrieder P, Du Bois P (2007) A finite element model for impact simulation with laminated glass. Int J Impact Eng 34(8):1465–147810.1016/j.ijimpeng.2006.07.008 ↗
59. Walley SM (2014) An introduction to the properties of silica glass in ballistic applications. Strain 50(6):470–50010.1111/str.12075 ↗
60. Wang L, Mehrmashhadi J, Bobaru F (2023) Interfaces in dynamic brittle fracture of PMMA: a peridynamic analysis. Int J Fract 244:217–24510.1007/s10704-023-00731-w ↗
61. Xu Z, Zhang G, Chen Z, Bobaru F (2018) Elastic vortices and thermally-driven cracks in brittle materials with peridynamics. Int J Fract 209(1):203–22210.1007/s10704-017-0256-5 ↗
62. Zhang G, Gazonas GA, Bobaru F (2018) Supershear damage propagation and sub-Rayleigh crack growth from edge-on impact: A peridynamic analysis. Int J Impact Eng 113:73–8710.1016/j.ijimpeng.2017.11.010 ↗
63. Zhang T, Li X, Gao H (2015) Fracture of graphene: a review. Int J Fract 196(1–2):1–3110.1007/s10704-015-0039-9 ↗