journal article·2025-01Open access

Role of oxidation in thermal fatigue damage mechanisms and life of X38CrMoV5 (AISI H11) hot work tool steel

M. Salem, S. Le Roux, G. Dour, A. Vande Put

Abstract

Hot work tools steels, which are submitted to severe solicitations in service, are often damaged by thermal fatigue and corrosion. Interrupted Thermal Fatigue experiments were performed on X38CrMoV5 tool steel between 100 and 650 °C, in air and reduced oxygen partial pressure atmospheres after primary or secondary vacuum. A thermal and thermo-mechanical analysis by finite element method was carried out to estimate the strains and stresses undergone by the axisymmetric disc-shaped specimen during thermal cycling. The morphology, structure and phase composition of the oxide layer were analysed using scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. It was shown that the thickness, homogeneity, structure, and compacity of the oxide multilayer formed on the specimen changed depending on test atmosphere. In air, crack initiation and propagation were strongly assisted by oxidation, leading to reduced fatigue life compared to inert atmospheres. Steel softening was highlighted in sub-surface, whatever the test atmosphere.
Source: openalex_inverted_index · Quality: baseline

Research context

OpenAlex topics: High-Temperature Coating Behaviors · Metal Alloys Wear and Properties · Metal and Thin Film Mechanics

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

References (66)

Show source-provided references
1. Fuchs KD. Hot-work tool steels with improved properties for die-casting applications. In: Proc. of 6th International Tooling Conference; 2002. p. 15–22.
2. Thermal fatigue properties of hot-work tool steels
3. da Silva Jr RR, Totten GE, Vendramim JC, de Campos L, Canale F. Thermal Fatigue in Hot Work Tool Steels - A Review. In: Proc. of 29th ASM Heat Treating Society Conference, Columbus, Ohio (USA), Paper No: ht2017p0457; 2017. p. 457-68. Doi: 10.31399/asm.cp.ht2017p0457.10.31399/asm.cp.ht2017p0457 ↗
4. Heat checking as a failure mechanism of dies exposed to thermal cycles: A review10.1016/j.jmrt.2023.07.170 ↗
5. Thermal fatigue of hot work tool steel with hard coatings10.1016/S0040-6090(97)00600-7 ↗
6. Simulation and evaluation of thermal fatigue cracking of hot work tool steels10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2004.03.005 ↗
7. Thermal fatigue cracking of surface engineered hot work tool steels10.1016/j.surfcoat.2004.04.053 ↗
8. Thermal fatigue behavior of hot work tool steels: heat check nucleation and growth
9. Thermal fatigue cracking of die-casting dies
10. Thermo fatigue cracking of die casting dies10.1016/j.engfailanal.2011.10.005 ↗
11. Suzuki M, Ishihara M, Miyachi H. Residual Stress and Heat Checking in Die Casting Dies. In: Transactions of the North American Association (NADCA) Congress and Exposition, SDCE Paper 6472; 1972.
12. Heat checking in hot work steels
13. Initiation and propagation of heat checking in aluminum die casting dies10.2472/jsms.36.604 ↗
14. Heat-checking of hot work tool steels10.1016/S1566-1369(02)80075-9 ↗
15. The influence of plasma nitriding and post oxidising treatment on the resistance of AISI H11 to cycling immersion in molten aluminium alloy. Metall
16. Thermal fatigue testing of chromium martensitic hot-work tool steel after different austenitizing treatments10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2004.04.158 ↗
17. Role of heat-flux density and mechanical loading on the microscopic heat-checking of high temperature tool steels under thermal fatigue experiments10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2013.02.004 ↗
18. Determining thermal fatigue of steels for die casting of aluminum alloys10.1007/BF00670172 ↗
19. A study of PVD coatings and die materials for extended die-casting die life10.1016/S0257-8972(97)00476-3 ↗
20. Price JWH, Chang M, Kerezsi B. Cracking of carbon steel components due to repeated thermal shock. In: Structural Integrity and Fracture International Conference; 2004:305–14.
21. Evaluation of soldering, washout and thermal fatigue resistance of advanced metal materials for aluminum die-casting dies10.1016/j.msea.2004.03.020 ↗
22. Thermal fatigue of perlite steels under different oxidizing conditions10.1007/BF01530366 ↗
23. Failure modes in field-tested brass die casting dies10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2004.01.052 ↗
24. Oxidation and corrosion effects on thermal fatigue behaviour of hot work tool steel X38CrMoV5 (AISI H11)10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.595-598.789 ↗
25. Influence of heat treatment and surface engineering on thermal fatigue behaviour of tool steel10.1179/1749514813Z.00000000091 ↗
26. Fatigue thermique des aciers à outils pour travail à chaud10.1051/metal/197572120875 ↗
27. Peng W, Wu X, Min Y, Xu L. Comparison of thermal fatigue behavior of plasma nitriding with compound layer and without it of H13 steel. In: Proc. of 6th International Tooling Conference, Karlstad; 2002. p. 597–609.
28. Thermal fatigue resistance of gas and plasma nitrided 41CrAlMo7 steel10.1016/S0921-5093(02)00867-5 ↗
29. A multilayer coating architecture to reduce heat checking of die surfaces10.1016/S0257-8972(02)00690-4 ↗
30. Response to thermal cycling of plasma nitride hot work tool steel at elevated temperatures10.1016/j.surfcoat.2010.07.035 ↗
31. Effect of gas nitriding on the thermal fatigue behavior of martensitic chromium hot-work tool steel10.1016/j.msea.2015.10.007 ↗
32. Manson SS. Thermal fatigue of Die Casting Dies–A Review and Proposed Future Program. Tech Rep. 01-72-05D. DCRF Technical Committee; 1972.
33. Howes MAH. A study of thermal fatigue mechanisms. Symposium ASTM Committee E-9 on Thermal Fatigue of Materials and Components American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia (USA), 1976; p. 86–105. Doi: 10.1520/STP27886S.10.1520/STP27886S ↗
34. Application of hard coatings in aluminium die casting – soldering, erosion and thermal fatigue behaviour10.1016/S0257-8972(99)00557-5 ↗
35. Spera DA. What is Thermal Fatigue? Symposium ASTM Committee E-9 on Thermal Fatigue of Materials and Components American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia (USA), 1976; p. 3–9.10.1520/STP27880S ↗
36. Glenny E. The Influence of The Geometry on Thermal Fatigue Behavior. Thermal and Height Strain Fatigue, The Institute of The Iron and Steel Institute, 1967; p.346–63.
37. Sabharwal KS. Thermal fatigue testing of die casting die steels. (1969). PhD Thesis. Paper 6967. https://scholarsmine.mst.edu/masters_theses/6967.
38. Evaluation of thermal fatigue resistance of metals using the fluidized bed technique10.1520/STP38843S ↗
39. Comparison of the thermal fatigue resistance and structure of the 47CrMoWVTiCeZr16-26-8 hot-work tool steel with X40CrMoV5-1 type one10.1016/S0924-0136(01)00721-X ↗
40. Min Y, Xu L, Wu X. Influence of surface heat treatment on thermal fatigue behaviors of hot work steel. In: Proc. of 6th International Tooling Conference, Karlstad; 2002. p. 55–65.
41. Schwam D, Wallace JF, Birceanu S. Effect of design factors on thermal fatigue cracking of die casting dies. DE-FC07-00ID138486, Case Western Reserve University/Dept of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington, DC (USA); 2004.
42. Thermal fatigue of materials for die-casting tooling10.1016/j.msea.2007.03.025 ↗
43. Thermal fatigue testing of Stellite 6-coated hot work tool steel10.1016/j.msea.2010.06.015 ↗
44. Thermal fatigue behavior of direct metal deposited H13 tool steel coating on copper alloy substrate10.1016/j.surfcoat.2011.11.016 ↗
45. Hardness effect on thermal fatigue damage of hot-working tool steel10.1016/j.engfailanal.2014.06.007 ↗
46. Testing of thermal fatigue resistance of tools and rolls for hot working10.1515/rmzmag-2017-0010 ↗
47. Thermal fatigue behaviour of Fe-1.7 C-11.3 Cr-1.9 Ni-1.2 Mo roller steel in temperature range 500–700° C10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2018.12.007 ↗
48. Oxidation and Thermal Fatigue Behaviors of Two Type Hot Work Steels During Thermal Cycling10.1016/S1006-706X(13)60202-2 ↗
49. Malm S, Tidlund J. Increased life for die casting dies. In: Transactions of the 10th International Die Casting Congress, Paper No. IG-T79-051; 1979, p.1–14.
50. Thermal fatigue of metals10.1007/BF00810542 ↗
51. Effect of aluminizing and oxidation on the thermal fatigue damage of hot work tool steels for high pressure die casting applications10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2018.09.018 ↗
52. Effect of local stress on the heat-checking morphology in high temperature tool steels under thermal fatigue: transition from multi-axiality to uniaxiality10.1016/j.mechmat.2013.09.014 ↗
53. Numerical simulation of thermal fatigue behavior in a cracked disc of AISI H-11 tool steel10.1016/j.engfailanal.2016.01.015 ↗
54. Isothermal oxidation behavior of a hot work tool steel10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.461-464.831 ↗
55. AnT2COK, an analytical model for cycling oxidation kinetics of hot-work toll steels in thermal cycling conditions10.1016/j.corsci.2018.11.009 ↗
56. Schütze · 1997
57. Review of the high-temperature oxidation of iron and carbon steels in air or oxygen10.1023/A:1023685905159 ↗
58. High-Temperature Oxidation Behaviour of AISI H11 Tool Steel10.3390/met11050758 ↗
59. Prediction and Analysis on Oxidation of H13 Hot Work Tool Steel10.1016/S1006-706X(06)60025-3 ↗
60. Behavior of oxide scales on 2.25Cr-1Mo steel during thermal cycling. I. Scales formed in oxygen and air10.1007/BF00665485 ↗
61. Effect of testing atmosphere on low cycle fatigue of hot work tool steel at elevated temperature10.2355/isijinternational.35.920 ↗
62. Thermo-mechanical fatigue behaviour and life assessment of hot work tool steels10.1016/S1566-1369(02)80076-0 ↗
63. Caliskanoglu D, Siller I, Ebner R, Leitner H, Jeglitsch F, Waldhauser W. Thermal fatigue and softening behavior of hot work tool steels. In: Proc of 6th International Tooling Conference, Karlstad; 2002. p. 707-19.
64. High-temperature properties and microstructural stability of hot-work tool steels10.1016/j.msea.2009.06.010 ↗
65. Time and temperature dependent softening of H11 hot-work tool steel and definition of an anisothermal tempering kinetic model
66. Relationship between microstructure and mechanical properties of a 5% Cr tempered martensitic tool steel10.1016/j.msea.2004.02.073 ↗