Fatigue crack growth model including load sequence effects – Model development and calibration for railway axle steels
Source abstract
Abstract
Abstract Beside well-known influence factors like residual stresses, component and crack geometry also load sequence effects significantly impact the crack propagation rate. In this paper two major load sequence effects, namely overloads and small loads, and their particular influence on the fatigue crack growth are investigated in detail. Both effects lead to a retardation in the crack propagation rate by increasing the plasticity-induced (overload) or the oxide-induced (small loads) crack closure. To develop a holistic fatigue crack growth model including the short crack behaviour as well as load sequence effects, the NASGRO equation is modified accordingly. This improved fatigue crack growth approach is calibrated for two common material grades for railway axles, namely EA4T and EA1N, and implemented into crack growth assessment software tools.
Source: openaire · Quality: candidate unverified · Source record ↗
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Fatigue and fracture mechanics · Structural Load-Bearing Analysis · Non-Destructive Testing Techniques
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
References (42)
Show source-provided references
1. Damage tolerance of railway axles – The issue of transferability revisited10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2015.07.019 ↗
2. Modified NASGRO equation for physically short cracks10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2013.08.019 ↗
3. Fracture mechanics assessment of railway axles: Experimental characterization and computation10.1016/j.engfailanal.2009.04.008 ↗
4. Fatigue crack growth in railway axles: Assessment concept and validation tests10.1016/j.engfracmech.2010.11.024 ↗
5. Investigations on fatigue crack growth under variable amplitude loading in wheelset axles10.1016/j.engfracmech.2010.05.001 ↗
6. Parameters affecting the damage tolerance behaviour of railway axles10.1016/j.engfracmech.2010.03.013 ↗
7. Safe life and damage tolerance aspects of railway axles – A review10.1016/j.engfracmech.2012.09.029 ↗
8. Structural assessment of railway axles – A critical review10.1016/j.engfailanal.2012.11.007 ↗
9. Effect of specimen geometry on fatigue crack growth rates for the railway axle material EA4T10.1016/j.engfracmech.2010.11.011 ↗
10. The cyclic R-curve – Determination, problems, limitations and application10.1016/j.engfracmech.2017.09.032 ↗
11. ISO 12108:2018: Metallic materials – Fatigue testing – Fatigue crack growth method. International Organization for Standardization; 2018.
12. The use of fatigue specimens precracked in compression for measuring threshold values and crack growth10.1520/JTE12641J ↗
13. Determination of the length dependence of the threshold for fatigue crack propagation10.1016/S0013-7944(01)00129-1 ↗
14. Crack closure and retardation effects – experiments and modelling10.1016/j.prostr.2017.07.014 ↗
15. Lütkepohl K, Esderts A, Luke M, Varfolomeev I. Sicherer und wirtschaftlicher Betrieb von Eisenbahnfahrwerken, vol. 1-3, Clausthal; 2009.
16. Venables WN, Smith DM. An introduction to R. R Development Core Team. Version 3.5.1 (2018-07-02). https://cran.r-project.org/doc/manuals/r-release/R-intro.pdf (last accessed on 18.12.2018).
17. A crack opening stress equation for fatigue crack growth10.1007/BF00020751 ↗
18. Behavior of surface and corner cracks subjected to tensile and bending loads in Ti–6Al–4V alloy
19. The growth of short fatigue cracks under compressive and/or tensile cyclic loading10.1007/BF02661101 ↗
20. Fatigue propagation threshold of short cracks under constant amplitude loading10.1016/S0142-1123(03)00065-3 ↗
21. Crack simulation models in variable amplitude loading - a review10.3221/IGF-ESIS.35.52 ↗
22. Spectrum loading and crack growth10.1115/1.3425362 ↗
23. Willenborg J, Engle RM, Wood HA, OH, A.F.F.D.L.W.-P.A.R. A crack growth retardation model using an effective stress concept. Defense Technical Information Center; 1971.10.21236/ADA956517 ↗
24. Method of analysis and prediction of variable amplitude fatigue crack growth10.1016/0013-7944(72)90011-2 ↗
25. Predicting fatigue crack retardation following a single overload using a modified wheeler model
26. Gallagher JP, Hughes TF. Influence of yield strength on overload affected fatigue crack growth behavior in 4340 steel; air force flight dynamics laboratory, Wright Patterson Air force Base, OH AFFDL-TR-74-27; 1974. http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/787655.pdf.10.21236/AD0787655 ↗
27. Multi-parameter yield zone model for predicting spectrum crack growth
28. Improved methods for predicting spectrum loadings effects
29. The significance of fatigue crack closure
30. Bell PD, Creager M. Crack growth analyses for arbitrary spectrum loading AFFDL-TR-74-129; 1974.
31. A finite-element analysis of fatigue crack closure
32. Spectrum crack growth prediction method based on crack surface displacement and contact analyses
33. A fatigue crack growth analysis method based on a single representation of crack tip plasticity
34. Analysis of closure in fatigue crack growth10.1115/1.3424286 ↗
35. A simple crack closure model for prediction of fatigue crack growth rates under variable-amplitude loading
36. Fatigue crack growth under variable amplitude loading. Part II: analytical and numerical investigations10.1111/j.1460-2695.2006.00993.x ↗
37. Modelling of fatigue thresholds for small cracks in a mild steel by ‘‘Strip-Yield” model10.1016/j.engfracmech.2009.04.015 ↗
38. Variable amplitude fatigue crack growth in a mild steel for railway axles: Experiments and predictive models10.1016/j.engfracmech.2010.11.019 ↗
39. Fatigue crack closure: a review of the physical phenomena10.1111/ffe.12578 ↗
40. Meggiolaro MA, Pinho de Castro JT. Comparing overload-induced retardation models on fatigue crack propagation. In: Proc. 56°Congresso Annual da ABM, 16.-19.07.2001, Belo Horizonte. p. 1719–1729.
41. Analytical and numerical crack growth analysis of 1: 3 scaled railway axle specimens10.3390/met9020184 ↗
42. Retardation of fatigue crack growth in rotating bending specimens with semi-elliptical cracks10.3390/met9020156 ↗