A numerical analysis of the mechanisms behind plasticity induced crack closure: Application to variable amplitude loadings

Abstract The effect of loading parameters on fatigue crack growth has been explained using the concept of crack closure. Plasticity induced crack closure (PICC) is linked to the crack tip plastic deformation, which becomes residual with crack propagation. The objective here is to identify the main mechanisms behind PICC, and for that different loading cases were considered namely overloads and load blocks. An analytical model was used to isolate the effect of residual plastic deformation on PICC, however significant differences were obtained relatively to finite element results. A second mechanism, which is crack tip blunting, was used to explain the transient behaviour observed after overloads and load blocks. For overloads and low–high load sequences there is a sudden increase of crack tip blunting with load increase which explains the sudden decrease of crack opening level. For high–low load sequences there is a sudden decrease of crack tip blunting which enhances the effect of residual plastic wake. Finally, the partial closure concept was tested looking to non-linear crack tip parameters but no evidences of Donald’s effect were found for the material studied.