New observations regarding fatigue crack paths and their fracture surfaces in natural rubber: Influences of R-ratio and pre-load
Source abstract
Abstract
Abstract Most previous works focusing on the influence of R-ratio on the service life of natural rubber didn’t consider some interesting phenomena. Cracks in both filled and unfilled natural rubber have the tendency to split and propagate into the stress relaxation zone (“backwards” at R = emin/emax = 1/3) with increasing R-ratio. When a “backwards” crack arose, regular ordered striations were observed on the fracture surface. Additionally, the crack growth behaviour of filled natural rubber can differ greatly from catastrophic crack growth to slow “backwards” fatigue growth, even when all loading conditions such as frequency, amplitude and R-ratio were kept constant.
Source: openaire · Quality: candidate unverified · Source record ↗
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Elasticity and Material Modeling · Polymer Nanocomposites and Properties · Probabilistic and Robust Engineering Design
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
References (43)
Show source-provided references
1. Strength properties of rubber
2. Cut growth and fatigue of rubbers. II. Experiments on a noncrystallizing rubber10.1002/app.1964.070080212 ↗
3. Tear resistance and structure of rubber10.1021/ie50299a015 ↗
4. Dynamic fatigue life of rubber10.1021/ac50141a006 ↗
5. Flex life and crystallization of synthetic rubber10.1021/ie50408a008 ↗
6. Fatigue crack growth of filled rubber under constant and variable amplitude loading conditions10.1111/j.1460-2695.2007.01143.x ↗
7. Relation between hysteresis and the dynamic crack growth resistance of natural rubber10.1007/BF00036325 ↗
8. Fatigue crack nucleation and growth in filled natural rubber10.1046/j.1460-2695.2003.00678.x ↗
9. A phenomenological model for the effect of R-ratio on fatigue of strain crystallizing rubbers10.5254/1.3547800 ↗
10. Factors that affect the fatigue life of rubber: a literature survey10.5254/1.3547831 ↗
11. Cyclic loadings and crystallization of natural rubber: an explanation of fatigue crack propagation reinforcement under a positive loading ratio10.1016/j.msea.2010.09.079 ↗
12. Strain-induced crystallization of carbon black-filled natural rubber during fatigue measured by in situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2012.07.001 ↗
13. Effects of very high loads on fatigue life of NR elastomer materials10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2011.03.008 ↗
14. The mechanism of fatigue crack growth in rubbers under severe loading: the effect of stress-induced crystallization10.1021/ma100042n ↗
15. Fatigue crack growth dynamics in filled natural rubber10.1179/1743289812Y.0000000013 ↗
16. Fatigue of natural rubber under different temperatures10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2018.10.009 ↗
17. Why do cracks turn sideways?10.5254/1.3547727 ↗
18. Effect of carbon black concentration on cut growth in NR vulcanizates10.5254/1.3547753 ↗
19. Cut growth in vulcanizates of natural rubber, cis-polybutadiene, and a 50/50 blend: Part II. Cracking patterns in the strained state10.5254/1.3538840 ↗
20. Cut growth in vulcanizates of natural rubber, cis-polybutadiene, and a 50/50 blend during single and repeated extension10.5254/1.3538404 ↗
21. The mechanism of carbon black reinforcement of SBR and NR vulcanizates10.5254/1.3538844 ↗
22. Fracture phenomenology and toughness of filled natural rubber compounds via the pure shear test specimen10.5254/rct.14.86950 ↗
23. Effect of molecular orientation on the fracture behavior of carbon black-filled natural rubber compounds10.1002/polb.22054 ↗
24. Fracture mechanics of bond failure in the “pure shear” test piece10.5254/1.3547755 ↗
25. A critical local energy release rate criterion for fatigue fracture of elastomers10.1002/polb.22338 ↗
26. The impact of strain-induced crystallization on strain during mechanical cycling of cross-linked natural rubber10.1016/j.polymer.2014.06.034 ↗
27. Brüning · 2014
28. Characteristic time of strain induced crystallization of crosslinked natural rubber10.1016/j.polymer.2012.04.027 ↗
29. Dominating factor of strain-induced crystallization in natural rubber10.1016/j.polymer.2015.08.058 ↗
30. Strain-induced crystallization of natural rubber as detected real-time by wide-angle X-ray diffraction technique10.1016/S0032-3861(99)00724-7 ↗
31. Orientation and crystallization of natural rubber network as revealed by WAXD using synchrotron radiation10.1021/ma0355608 ↗
32. Crystallization and melting processes in vulcanized stretched natural rubber10.1021/ma030224c ↗
33. Strain-induced crystallization of natural rubber: a reviewer of x-ray diffraction investigations10.5254/1.3601131 ↗
34. Parameters governing strain induced crystallization in filled natural rubber10.1016/j.polymer.2007.09.023 ↗
35. Multiaxial deformation and strain-induced crystallization around a fatigue crack in natural rubber10.1016/j.engfracmech.2014.04.003 ↗
36. The orientation of strain-induced crystallites in uniaxially-strained, thin and wide bands made from natural rubber10.3390/cryst9060294 ↗
37. Compared abilities of filled and unfilled natural rubbers to crystallize in a large strain rate domain10.1016/j.compscitech.2014.12.014 ↗
38. Strain-induced crystallization around a crack tip in natural rubber under dynamic load10.1016/j.polymer.2013.08.045 ↗
39. Kinetics of strain-induced crystallization in natural rubber studied by WAXD: dynamic and impact tensile experiments10.1021/ma3011476 ↗
40. Influence of strain rate and temperature on the onset of strain induced crystallization in natural rubber10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2015.01.008 ↗
41. In situ SEM study of fatigue crack growth mechanism in carbon black-filled natural rubber10.1002/app.31707 ↗
42. Mechanism of fatigue crack growth in carbon black filled natural rubber10.1021/ma0495386 ↗
43. Toughening mystery of natural rubber deciphered by double network incorporating hierarchical structures10.1038/srep07502 ↗