Progressive matrix cracking in carbon/epoxy cross-ply laminates under static and fatigue loading
Source abstract
Abstract
Abstract This paper presents an experimental investigation into the growth of matrix cracks in carbon/epoxy cross-ply laminates under static and fatigue loading. Particular emphasis is placed on how to address fatigue damage. Two models are proposed to describe the evolution of fatigue cracks, where the crack density is used as the mechanistic damage variable. The first model defines the evolution of cracks according to a Paris law function. The second assumes that fatigue degradation is mainly caused by diffuse damage, resulting in an apparent decrease in the fracture energy, so that the cracking process is controlled by the static function. Both models are analysed in detail and compared against experimental data for different transverse plies and loading levels. The presence of cracks is monitored by enhanced X-ray radiography and edge camera images. Two crack density master curves are derived, one based on fracture mechanics for static and one based on a Paris law for fatigue cracking. The predictions show good correlation with the experiments.
Source: openaire · Quality: candidate unverified · Source record ↗
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Mechanical Behavior of Composites · Fiber-reinforced polymer composites · Epoxy Resin Curing Processes
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
References (63)
Show source-provided references
1. Stiffness reduction and development of longitudinal cracks during fatigue loading of composite laminates
2. A fatigue damage and residual strength model for unidirectional carbon/epoxy composites under on-axis tension-tension loadings10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2017.06.026 ↗
3. Transverse cracking and delamination in cross-ply glass-fiber and carbon-fiber reinforced plastic laminates: static and fatigue loading10.1115/1.1519557 ↗
4. Modelling the transverse cracking in cross-ply laminates: application to fatigue10.1016/S1359-8368(99)00023-2 ↗
5. Fatigue behaviour of CFRP cross-ply laminates under on-axis and off-axis cyclic loading10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2006.02.011 ↗
6. The use of a characteristic damage variable in the study of transverse cracking development under fatigue loading in cross-ply laminates10.1016/S0142-1123(01)00094-9 ↗
7. Residual stiffness in cross-ply laminates subjected to cyclic loading10.1016/j.compstruct.2007.10.025 ↗
8. Fatigue growth of matrix cracks in the transverse direction of CFRP laminates10.1016/S0266-3538(02)00068-4 ↗
9. Experimental investigation on damage evolution in cross-ply laminates subjected to quasi-static and fatigue loading10.1016/j.compositesb.2017.02.033 ↗
10. A computational mesodamage model for life prediction for laminates
11. Towards a micromechanics-based damage mesomodel for CFRP laminates under thermomechanical cyclic loading10.1515/SECM.2005.12.1-2.71 ↗
12. Durability of CFRP laminates under thermomechanical loading: a micro – meso damage model10.1016/j.compscitech.2005.07.031 ↗
13. Early stage damage in off-axis plies under fatigue loading10.1016/j.compscitech.2016.03.015 ↗
14. An experimental investigation of the effect of shear-induced diffuse damage on transverse cracking in carbon-fiber reinforced laminates10.1016/j.compstruct.2013.06.026 ↗
15. On a damage mesomodel for laminates: micromechanics basis and improvement10.1016/S0167-6636(02)00204-1 ↗
16. Microscopic fatigue damage progress in CFRP cross-ply laminates10.1016/0010-4361(95)90879-5 ↗
17. Matrix microcracking in composites
18. Transverse crack growth behavior considering free-edge effect in quasi-isotropic CFRP laminates under high-cycle fatigue loading10.1016/j.compscitech.2008.09.003 ↗
19. Damage-mechanics analysis of matrix cracking in cross-ply CFRP laminates under thermal fatigue10.1016/S0266-3538(01)00077-X ↗
20. Experimental and analytical characterization of transverse cracking behavior in carbon/bismaleimide cross-ply laminates under mechanical fatigue loading10.1016/S1359-8368(02)00028-8 ↗
21. US Department of Defense. Handbook of polymer matrix composites, vol.3, materials usage, design and analysis; 2002. https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-3804(85)90127-5.10.1016/0378-3804(85)90127-5 ↗
22. Fracture mechanics analysis of composite microcracking: experimental results in fatigue
23. On a damage mesomodel for laminates: micro-meso relationships, possibilities and limits10.1016/S0266-3538(01)00109-9 ↗
24. An enhanced mesomodel for laminates based on micromechanics10.1016/S0266-3538(01)00145-2 ↗
25. Numerical modelling of matrix cracking and intralaminar failure in advanced composite materials
26. Formation and growth of 90 ply fatigue cracks in carbon/epoxy laminates10.1016/0266-3538(91)90087-6 ↗
27. Matrix cracking induced by cyclic ply stresses in composite laminates10.1016/S0266-3538(01)00125-7 ↗
28. Effective transverse modulus of a damaged layer: potential for predicting symmetric laminate stiffness degradation10.1177/0021998316658965 ↗
29. Transverse crack propagation in the specimen width direction of CFRP laminates under static tensile loadings10.1177/0021998302036017978 ↗
30. Matrix cracking and delamination in laminated composites. Part I: ply constitutive law, first ply failure and onset of delamination10.1016/j.mechmat.2010.12.003 ↗
31. Matrix cracking and delamination in laminated composites. Part II: evolution of crack density and delamination10.1016/j.mechmat.2011.01.002 ↗
32. Prediction of in situ strengths and matrix cracking in composites under transverse tension and in-plane shear10.1016/j.compositesa.2005.04.023 ↗
33. Herakovich CT. Mechanics of fibrous composites; 1998. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13398-014-0173-7.2.
34. Energy release rates for transverse cracking and delaminations induced by transverse cracks in laminated composites10.1016/j.compositesa.2005.03.015 ↗
35. Coupled stress and energy criterion for multiple matrix cracking in cross-ply composite laminates10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2018.01.033 ↗
36. A three-dimensional damage model for transversely isotropic composite laminates10.1177/0021998308094965 ↗
37. The formation and effects of outer-ply microcracks in cross-ply laminates: a variational approach10.1016/0013-7944(92)90181-D ↗
38. Comparison of models for transverse ply cracks in composite laminates10.1016/S0266-3538(00)00030-0 ↗
39. A generalized plane-strain crack density-based model for evaluating the finite fracture toughness of composite laminates10.1080/15376494.2015.1120906 ↗
40. On multiple transverse cracking in glass fibre epoxy cross-ply laminates10.1007/BF00541666 ↗
41. Transverse cracks in cross-ply laminates. 1. Stress analysis10.1007/BF02269616 ↗
42. Transverse cracks in cross-ply laminates 2. Stiffness degradation10.1007/BF02256035 ↗
43. Transverse cracking of cross-ply laminates: Part 2. Progressive widthwise cracking10.1016/1359-835X(96)00064-4 ↗
44. On the use of planar shear-lag methods for stress-transfer analysis of multilayered composites10.1016/S0167-6636(01)00056-4 ↗
45. Analytical modelling of transverse matrix cracking of {θ/90 n } s composite laminates under multiaxial loading10.1080/15376490903056577 ↗
46. Analysis of cracked laminates: a variational approach10.1016/0167-6636(85)90011-0 ↗
47. Variational analysis of cracked angle-ply laminates10.1016/j.compscitech.2009.12.018 ↗
48. Transverse cracking in fiber-reinforced brittle matrix, cross-ply laminates10.1016/0956-7151(93)90316-K ↗
49. 2D and 3D numerical models of transverse cracking in cross-ply laminates10.1016/0266-3538(96)00022-X ↗
50. Development of transverse cracking in cross-ply laminates during fatigue tests10.1016/S0266-3538(01)00068-9 ↗
51. Theory of stress transfer in a 0-90-0 cross-ply laminate containing a parallel array of transverse cracks10.1016/0022-5096(92)90226-R ↗
52. Model to predict effects of triaxial loading on ply cracking in general symmetric laminates10.1016/S0266-3538(00)00086-5 ↗
53. Predicting transverse crack formation in cross-ply laminates10.1016/S0266-3538(96)00142-X ↗
54. Laminated composites under fatigue loading: a damage development law for transverse cracking10.1016/0266-3538(94)90203-8 ↗
55. Damage in composites: from physical mechanisms to modelling10.1016/j.compscitech.2005.07.035 ↗
56. Delamination under fatigue loads in composite laminates: a review on the observed phenomenology and computational methods
57. Interface elements for fatigue-driven delaminations in advanced composite materials
58. Matrix cracking and stiffness reduction during the fatigue of a (0/90)s GFRP laminate10.1016/0266-3538(85)90088-0 ↗
59. Mechanisms of fatigue-crack propagation in ductile and brittle solids10.1023/A:1018655917051 ↗
60. An efficient methodology for the experimental characterization of mode II delamination growth under fatigue loading10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2016.10.017 ↗
61. Carreras L. Development of efficient testing methods and cohesive zone models for analyzing fatigue-driven delamination in 3D laminated composite structures. PhD thesis, University of Girona; 2018.
62. Measurement of the in situ transverse tensile strength of composite plies by means of the real time monitoring of microcracking10.1016/j.compositesb.2014.02.001 ↗
63. An experimental study on matrix crack induced delamination in composite laminates10.1016/j.compstruct.2015.02.077 ↗