Fatigue strength of blast cleaned and stress relief annealed butt joints made of structural steel S355J2+N for offshore wind support structures
Source abstract
Abstract
• Blast cleaning on welded butt joints leads to increase in fatigue strength. • Quantification of cold work hardening and compressive residual stresses. • Stress relief annealing decreases residual stresses and cold work hardness. • Stress relief annealing is not suitable to simulate residual stress reduction. • Numerical validation with structural hot spot stress and effective notch stress. The effects of blast cleaning (BC) and stress relief annealing (SRA) on butt joints were investigated. BC leads to a significant increase in fatigue strength due to insertion of compressive residual stresses and cold work hardening at the surface. Additional SRA leads to a decrease of fatigue strength down to the as-welded state. It is shown that the SRA not only leads to a decrease of compressive residual stresses but also to a decrease of cold work hardness at the surface. This shows that SRA is not an appropriate method to show the effect of the reduction of residual stresses in service of mechanical post weld treated weld seams since surface hardness is decreased as well. SRA of as-welded specimens did not lead to an increase in fatigue strength. It is shown that compressive residual stresses and surface hardness are stable under high tensile loads and high cycle numbers. Fatigue tests were accompanied by strain gauge measurements to identify the structural hot-spot stresses in correlation to axial and angular misalignments. A parametric FE model was used to calculate the stress concentration factors and compared to the measured stresses. Angular misalignment shows good correlation with stress increase compared to nominal stresses.
Source: openalex_inverted_index · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Fatigue and fracture mechanics · Mechanical Behavior of Composites · Material Properties and Failure Mechanisms
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
References (63)
Show source-provided references
1. DNV-RP-C203 - Fatigue design of offshore steel structures, 2021.
2. EN 1993-1-9:2010-12 - Design of steel structures - Part 1-9: Fatigue, 2010.
3. Hobbacher A. Recommendations for Fatigue Design of Welded Joints and Components. Springer Cham. 2016. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-23757-2.10.1007/978-3-319-23757-2 ↗
4. Haagensen · 2013
5. Fatigue strength assessment of TIG-dressed welded steel joints by local approaches10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2019.04.038 ↗
6. Review of fatigue data for welds improved by tungsten inert gas dressing10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2015.04.017 ↗
7. A statistical assessment of the fatigue strength improvement of butt-welded joints by flush grinding10.1007/s40194-023-01569-5 ↗
8. Effect of initial weld quality on the benefit of burr grinding on fatigue strength10.1007/BF03266495 ↗
9. A review of fatigue test data on weld toe grinding and weld profiling10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2020.106073 ↗
10. Marquis G, Barsoum Z. IIW Recommendations for the HFMI Treatment. Springer Cham. 2016. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-2504-4.10.1007/978-981-10-2504-4 ↗
11. Fatigue strength enhancement of butt welds by means of shot peening and clean blasting10.3390/met9070744 ↗
12. Comparison of effect of shot-peening with HFMI treatment or use of LTT consumables on fatigue strength of 1300 MPa yield strength steel weldments10.1007/s40194-020-00917-z ↗
13. Fatigue strength of shot-peened as-welded joints and post-weld-treated and subsequently clean-blasted fillet weld joints10.1007/s40194-023-01498-3 ↗
14. FKM Guideline - Analytical Strength Assessment, 7th Edition, ISBN 978-3-8163-0745-7, 2020.
15. DNV-CG-0129 - Fatigue assessment of ship structures, 2021.
16. Krupp · 2005
17. The influence of work hardening and residual stresses on the fatigue behavior of high frequency mechanical impact treated surface layers10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2019.105450 ↗
18. Fatigue strength improvement of longitudinal fillet welded out-of-plane gusset joints using air blast cleaning treatment10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2012.11.010 ↗
19. Assessment of corrosion fatigue in welded joints using 3D surface scans, digital image correlation, hardness measurements, and residual stress analysis10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2023.107866 ↗
20. EUDP project WindWeld. https://energiforskning.dk/en/node/15753.
21. Fatigue strength improvement of welded joints by blast cleaning for subsequent painting10.1007/s13296-013-1002-0 ↗
22. Fatigue strength of structural steel-welded connections with arc-sprayed aluminum coatings and corrosion behavior of the corresponding coatings in sea water10.3390/jmse10111731 ↗
23. Experimental and numerical investigations on the fatigue strength of welding details in tubular steel towers for wind turbines10.1002/stab.201900069 ↗
24. General German building authority approval Z-30.6-73: Welded structures from constructional steel and it́s fatigue values. German technical authority for construction technology (DIBt), 2020.
25. Gericke A, et al. Investigation on blast cleaning as a post weld treatment for improving fatigue strength of welded structures (German). DVS Report Vol. 344 on the Congress of the German Welding Society (DVS) 2018. p. 350–7. ISBN 978-3-96144-036-8. 2018.
26. Improvement of the fatigue behaviour of welded high-strength steels by optimized shot peening
27. Barsoum. Stability of high frequency mechanical impact (HFMI) post-treatment induced residual stress states under cyclic loading of welded steel joints10.1016/j.engstruct.2017.04.046 ↗
28. Residual stress relaxation in typical weld joints and its effect on fatigue and crack growth
29. Fatigue damage of welded high-strength steel details improved by post-weld treatment subjected to critical cyclic loading conditions10.1016/j.engstruct.2021.111928 ↗
30. Residual stress stability of HFMI-treated transverse attachments under variable amplitude loading with the P(1/3) and the linear spectrum10.1007/s40194-023-01491-w ↗
31. Application of high frequency mechanical impact treatment to improve the fatigue strength of corroding welded joints10.1007/s40194-021-01171-7 ↗
32. DIN SPEC 18088-13:2019-12: Structures for wind turbines and platforms - Part 13: Execution of Offshore Steel structures, 2019.
33. ISO/NP 25249-4 Corrosion protection of offshore wind structures [accepted proposal].
34. EN ISO 12944-4:2018-04 - Corrosion protection of steel structures by protective paint systems - Part 4: Types of surface and surface preparation.
35. Fatigue strength of HFMI-treated and stress-relief annealed high-strength steel weld joints10.1016/j.proeng.2015.12.618 ↗
36. Residual stresses and fatigue behavior of high strength structural steels with fillet welded longitudinal stiffeners10.3139/105.110209 ↗
37. Effect of stress-relief annealing on the fatigue properties of X80 welded pipes10.1016/j.msea.2021.140854 ↗
38. Zoch H-W, Spur G. Handbook heat treatment and coating (German). eISBN: 978-3-446-43003-7. Carl Hanser Verlag. Berlin, 2015.
39. Effect of post-weld heat treatment on the fatigue strength of HFMI-treated mild steel joints10.1007/s40194-015-0265-9 ↗
40. V32 Wärmebehandlung von Stählen
41. Yaping · 2011
42. EN 10025-2:2019-10 - Hot rolled products of structural steels - Part 2: Technical delivery conditions for non-alloy structural steels.
43. EN 10163-1:2005-03 - Delivery requirements for surface condition of hot-rolled steel plates, wide flats and sections - Part 1: General requirements.
44. EN ISO 8501-1:2007-12 - Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related products - Visual assessment of surface cleanliness - Part 1: Rust grades and preparation grades of uncoated steel substrates and of steel substrates after overall removal of previous coatings.
45. EN 10160:1999-09 - Ultrasonic testing of steel flat product of thickness equal to or greater than 6 mm (reflection method).
46. EN 10204:2005-01 - Metallic products - Types of inspection documents.
47. EN 1090-2:2018-09 - Execution of steel structures and aluminium structures - Part 2: Technical requirements for steel structures.
48. EN ISO 15609-1:2019-12 - Specification and qualification of welding procedures for metallic materials - Welding procedure specification - Part 1: Arc welding.
49. EN 1011-2:2001-05 - Welding - Recommendation for welding of metallic materials - Part 2: Arc welding of ferritic steels.
50. ISO 5817:2023-02 - Welding - Fusion-welded joints in steel, nickel, titanium and their alloys (beam welding excluded) - Quality levels for imperfections.
51. ISO 14171:2016-07 - Welding consumables - Solid wire electrodes, tubular cored electrodes and electrode/flux combinations for submerged arc welding of non-alloy and fine grain steels – Classification.
52. ISO/TR 14345:2012-06 - Fatigue - Fatigue testing of welded components – Guidance.
53. SAE J 443:2017-08-18 - Procedures for Using Standard Shot Peening Almen Test Strip.
54. Fricke · 2012
55. Niemi E, Fricke W, Maddox SJ, Niemi E, Fricke W, Maddox SJ. The structural hot-spot stress approach to fatigue analysis (pp. 5-12). Springer Singapore, 2018.10.1007/978-981-10-5568-3_2 ↗
56. ANSYS, Inc. Ansys Workbench 2023R1 (Version 23.1.0.0) [Software], 2022.
57. DVS Factsheet 0905: Industrial application of the notch stress concept for the fatigue strength verification of welded joints; DVS Media GmbH , Düsseldorf, 2017.
58. Fricke · 2012
59. ISO 6507-1:2023-10 - Metallic materials - Vickers hardness test - Part 1: Test method.
60. Schajer · 2013
61. Residual stress measurement of shot-peened steel rings by Barkhausen noise, ESPI hole-drilling and X-ray diffraction
62. Tikhonov regularization for the fully coupled integral method of incremental hole-drilling10.1007/s11340-023-01020-2 ↗
63. ISO 18265:2014-02 - Metallic materials - Conversion of hardness values.