A VFIFE-link element for seismic simulation of self-centering joints with pseudo-dynamic validation

Self-centering (SC) structures are designed to return to their original position after deformation and provide significant advantages by reducing structural damage and post-earthquake repair costs. However, the gap-opening–closing behavior of SC structural joints introduces contact discontinuities that conventional finite-element methods cannot simulate accurately or efficiently. This study presents a vector form intrinsic finite element (VFIFE)-based element to simulate the seismic response of SC beam–column joints. Two numerical models, representing T-shaped and cross-shaped joints, were developed using a novel VFIFE-link (VL) element. The proposed element enables accurate representation of the gap opening–closing mechanism, substantially improving the capability of the method to address complex structural configurations. The accuracy and reliability of the simulation framework were systematically validated through pseudo-dynamic tests, demonstrating its robustness in reproducing realistic structural responses. In addition, the influence of pre-stressed tendons on structural performance was quantitatively evaluated, providing important insights into the governing mechanical mechanisms. Overall, the integrated VL element shows strong potential for scalable application in similar structural simulations, indicating its value for advancing computational structural mechanics.