RETRACTED: Modeling Ductile-to-Brittle Transition Temperature of Functionally Graded Steels by Gene Expression Programming

In this article, a model based on gene expression programming for pre- dicting ductile-to-brittle transition temperature of functionally graded steels in both crack divider and crack arrester configurations has been presented. Functionally, graded steels containing graded ferritic and austenitic regions together with bainite and martensite intermediate layers were produced by electroslag remelting. For the purpose of building the model, training and testing using experimental results from 140 specimens produced from two basic composites were conducted. The data used as input in gene expression programming models are arranged in a format of six parameters that cover the FGS type, the crack tip configuration, the thickness of graded ferritic region, the thickness of graded austenitic region, the distance of the notch from bainite or martensite intermediate layer, and temperature. According to these input parameters, in the gene expression programming, the ductile-to-brittle transition temperature of each FGS specimen was predicted. The training and testing results in the gene expression programming model have shown strong potential for predicting the ductile-to-brittle transition temperature of each FGS specimens.