Experimental Investigation of Inclusion of Various Nanocarbon Black Concentrations on Mechanical Characteristics of Oil-Well Cement Slurries in High-Pressure High-Temperature Conditions
Source abstract
Abstract
Abstract This study investigates the impact of adding nanocarbon black (NCB) to wellbore cement under high-pressure, high-temperature (HPHT) conditions to enhance its properties for long-term zonal isolation. Four cementitious slurries were prepared in the laboratory using the wet-mixing method, following the American Petroleum Institute standards (API 10B-2 and API 10A). NCB was incorporated as a reinforced nanomaterial in cementitious composites at varying concentrations of 0.05%, 0.1%, and 0.2% by weight of cement (BWOC) into the slurry mix fluid following a specific mixing sequence before the addition of Class-G wellbore Portland cement, which is manufactured via the dry process and commonly used in the oil and gas industry. The study evaluated parameters, such as density, rheology, free fluid (FF), fluid loss (FL), thickening time (TT), compressive strength (CS), tensile strength (TS), porosity, and permeability, following API standards. The results demonstrated that NCB additions slightly increased slurry density and significantly improved rheological properties, with low yield stress at bottomhole circulating temperatures. NCB concentrations of 0.05% and 0.1% reduced free fluid, fluid loss, and thickening time while enhancing the cement sheath's compressive and tensile strength, simultaneously reducing its porosity and permeability. Moreover, the improved early compressive strength development indicated accelerated cement hydration reactions due to incorporating NCB. The study found that 0.1% NCB was the optimal concentration, enhancing mechanical properties and operational efficiency by reducing wait-on-cement time and costs while improving wellbore integrity. However, higher NCB concentrations required careful dispersion to prevent nanoparticle agglomeration. Overall, NCB significantly enhanced cement sheath characteristics under HPHT conditions.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Drilling and Well Engineering · Tunneling and Rock Mechanics · Advanced materials and composites
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
References (33)
Show source-provided references
1. Alkhamis, M., and Imqam, A. (2018). New Cement Formulations Utilizing Graphene Nano Platelets to Improve Cement Properties and Long-term Reliability in Oil Wells. In Society of Petroleum Engineers - SPE Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Annual Technical Symposium and Exhibition 2018, SATS 2018. https://doi.org/10.2118/192342-ms10.2118/192342-ms ↗
2. Al-Yami, A. S., Nasr-El-Din, H. A., Al-Humaidl, A. S., Al-Saleh, S. H., & Al-Arfaj, M. K. (2010). Evaluation and optimization of low-density cement: laboratory studies and field application. SPE Drilling Completion, 25(1), 70–89. https://doi.org/10.2118/113090-PA10.2118/113090-PA ↗
3. API 10A. (2019). Cements and Materials for Well Cementing. March. API 10B-2. (2013). 10B-2 Recommended Practice for Testing Well Cements., 124.
4. Bourgoyne, A. T. (1991). Applied drilling engineering. Richardson TX: Society of Petroleum Engineers.
5. Cheung, P. S. R., & Beirute, R. M. (1985). Gas flow in cements. JPT, J Petrol Technol, 37(7), 1041–1048. https://doi.org/10.2118/11207-pa10.2118/11207-pa ↗
6. De La Roij, R., Egyed, C., & Lips, J. P. (2012). Nano-engineered oil well cement improves flexibility and increases compressive strength: a laboratory study. Soc Petrol Eng SPE Int Oilfield Nanotechnol Conf, 2012, 157–167. https://doi.org/10.2118/156501-ms10.2118/156501-ms ↗
7. Deshpande, A., and Patil, R. (2017). Applications of Nanotechnology in Oilwell Cementing. SPE-183727-MS.10.2118/183727-MS ↗
8. De Souza, T. C., Pinto, G., Cruz, V. S., Moura, M., Ladeira, L. O., & Calixto, J. M. (2020). Evaluation of the rheological behavior, hydration process, and mechanical strength of Portland cement pastes produced with carbon nanotubes synthesized directly on clinker. Const Buil Mater, 248, 118686. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.11868610.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.118686 ↗
9. Fakher S. et al., 2023q. Development and optimization of epoxy-resin based cement reinforced with low-cost fly ash for high durability environmentally friendly cement. Paper presented at the 57th U.S. Rock Mechanics/Geomechanics Symposium, Atlanta, Georgia, USA, June 2023. https://doi.org/10.56952/ARMA-2023-0197.10.56952/ARMA-2023-0197 ↗
10. Fakher S. et al., 2023b. Direct carbon dioxide capture at atmospheric conditions via adsorption desorption hysteresis using shape-dependent pozzolanic material. Paper presented at the 57th U.S. Rock Mechanics/Geomechanics Symposium, Atlanta, Georgia, USA, June 2023. https://doi.org/10.56952/ARMA-2023-0199.10.56952/ARMA-2023-0199 ↗
11. Fakher, S., & Khlaifat, A. (2023). Experimental investigation of polymer injection in high permeability conduits for material sustainability and behavior in oil reservoirs. Polymers, 15(13), 2950. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym1513295010.3390/polym15132950 ↗
12. Helmy, Y., & Fakher, S. (2024). Evaluating the performance of class F Fly Ash compared to class G cement for hydrocarbon wells cementing: an experimental investigation. Materials, 17(11), 2710. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma1711271010.3390/ma17112710 ↗
13. Iremonger, S. S., Bolt, M., & Lawrence, S. C. (2015). Enhanced thermal well integrity through the use of a new cement tensile strength-enhancing fiber. Soc Petrol Eng SPE Can Heavy Oil Techn Conf 2015 CHOC. https://doi.org/10.2118/174483-ms10.2118/174483-ms ↗
14. Jafariesfad, N., Geiker, M. R., Gong, Y., Skalle, P., Zhang, Z., & He, J. (2017). Cement sheath modification using nanomaterials for long-term zonal isolation of oil wells: review. J Petrol Sci Eng. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.petrol.2017.06.04710.1016/j.petrol.2017.06.047 ↗
15. Jimenez, W. C., Urdaneta, J. A., Pang, X., Garzon, J. R., Nucci, G., & Arias, H. (2016). Innovation of annular sealants during the past decades and their direct relationship with on/offshore wellbore economics. SPE Bergen One Day Seminar. https://doi.org/10.2118/180041-MS10.2118/180041-MS ↗
16. Khlaifat, A., et al. (2024). Evaluating factors impacting polymer flooding in hydrocarbon reservoirs: laboratory and field-scale applications. Polymers, 16(1), 75. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym1601007510.3390/polym16010075 ↗
17. Li, G. Y., Wang, P. M., & Zhao, X. (2005). Mechanical behavior and microstructure of cement composites incorporating surface-treated multi-walled carbon nanotubes. Carbon, 43(6), 1239–1245. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2004.12.01710.1016/j.carbon.2004.12.017 ↗
18. Li, Y., Dong, S., Ahmed, R., Zhang, L., & Han, B. (2021). Improving the mechanical characteristics of well cement using botryoid hybrid nano-carbon materials with proper dispersion. Const Build Mater. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.12146410.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.121464 ↗
19. Luffel, D. L., & Howard, W. E. (1988). Reliability of laboratory measurement of porosity in tight gas sands. SPE Form Eval. https://doi.org/10.2118/16401-pa10.2118/16401-pa ↗
20. Mindess, S., Young, J. F., & Darwin, D. (1981). Concrete, prentice-hall. Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 481, 86–87.
21. Nelson E, Guillot D. (2016). Well Cementing (E. . Nelson and D. Guillot (eds.); Second Edi).
22. Nochaiya, T., & Chaipanich, A. (2011). Behavior of multi-walled carbon nanotubes on the porosity and microstructure of cement-based materials. Appl Surface Sci, 257(6), 1941–1945. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2010.09.03010.1016/j.apsusc.2010.09.030 ↗
23. Nunes, J., Paula, D., Márcio, J., Orlando, L., Ludvig, P., Cruz, T., Souza, C., Marcelo, J., Vargas, A. A., & Melo, D. (2014). Mechanical and rheological behavior of oil-well cement slurries produced with clinker containing carbon nanotubes. J Petrol Sci Eng. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.petrol.2014.07.02010.1016/j.petrol.2014.07.020 ↗
24. Peyvandi, A., Taleghani, A. D., Soroushian, P., & Cammarata, R. (2017). The use of low-cost graphite nanomaterials to enhance zonal isolation in oil and gas wells. In SPE Ann Techn Conf Exhib. https://doi.org/10.2118/187105-MS10.2118/187105-MS ↗
25. Rezania, M., Panahandeh, M., Razavi, S. M. J., & Berto, F. (2019). Experimental study of the simultaneous effect of nano-silica and nano-carbon black on permeability and mechanical properties of the concrete. Theoretical Appl Fract Mecha, 104, 102391. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tafmec.2019.10239110.1016/j.tafmec.2019.102391 ↗
26. Schlumberger D. (1984). Cementing technology. Nova Communications Limited.
27. Singh, M., & Vander Wal, R. (2018). Nanostructure Quantification of Carbon Blacks. C, 5(1), 2. https://doi.org/10.3390/c501000210.3390/c5010002 ↗
28. Sridhar, R., Aosai, P., Imjai, T., Setkit, M., Shirkol, A., & Laory, I. (2024a). Influence of nanoparticles and PVA fibers on concrete and mortar on microstructural and durability properties. Fibers. https://doi.org/10.3390/fib1207005410.3390/fib12070054 ↗
29. Sridhar, R., Imjai, T., & Laory, I. (2024b). Experimental and numerical investigation of hybrid fiber reinforced concrete for vibration-based damage assessment. Engineering Sciences. https://doi.org/10.30919/es117410.30919/es1174 ↗
30. Webster, W. W., & Eikerts, J. V. (1979). Flow after cementing - a field and laboratory study. Audio Eng Soc Preprint. https://doi.org/10.2523/8259-ms10.2523/8259-ms ↗
31. Wu, J., Xie, S., Ji, Z., Wu, Z., Ma, C., & Wang, J. (2024). Effect of nano carbon black content and dispersibility on the properties of cement paste. Proc Instit Civil Eng Trans. https://doi.org/10.1680/jtran.24.0002610.1680/jtran.24.00026 ↗
32. Yetunde, S., & Ogbonna, J. (2011). Challenges and remedy for cementing of hpht wells in nigerian operation. Soc Petrol Eng Nigeria Ann Int Conf Exhib. https://doi.org/10.2118/150751-ms10.2118/150751-ms ↗
33. Young, J. F., & Hansen, W. (1986). Volume relationships for c-s-h formation based on hydration stoichiometries. MRS Online Proceedings Library, 85(1), 313. https://doi.org/10.1557/PROC-85-310.1557/PROC-85-3 ↗