Bond Strength of GFRP Bars Embedded in Engineered Cementitious Composite using RILEM Beam Testing
Source abstract
Abstract
This paper presents a study on the bond characteristics of glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) bars in engineered cementitious composite (ECC). Ninety beam specimens having variable parameters namely bar diameter, GFRP bar types (standard low modulus ‘LM’ and high modulus ‘HM’), two concrete types (ECC and normal concrete ‘NC’) and embedded length (5, 7 and 10 times bar diameter) were tested as per RILEM specifications. Bond stress–slip characteristics and failure modes of specimens as well as influence of variable parameters on bond strength are described. The performance of various Codes and other existing equations in predicting bond strength of both low/high modulus GFRP bars embedded in ECC compared to NC is described based on experimental results. The bond strength decreased with the increase of embedment length—maximum bond strength reduction of 36% was observed. For both ECC and NC, bond strength reduced with the increase of bar size and ECC produced maximum 1.6 times higher bond strength compared to NC. Code based and other existing equations were found conservative in predicting bond strength of GFRP bars embedded in ECC.
Source: openalex_inverted_index · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Innovative concrete reinforcement materials · Structural Behavior of Reinforced Concrete · Concrete Corrosion and Durability
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
References (49)
Show source-provided references
1. Achillides, Z., & Pilakoutas, K. (2004). Bond behavior of fiber reinforced polymer bars under direct pullout conditions. ASCE Journal of Composites for Construction, 8, 73–181.10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0268(2004)8:2(173) ↗
2. ACI 446.1R-91. (1991). Fracture mechanics of concrete: concepts, models and determination of material proper-ties. Reported by ACI Committee 446- Fracture Mechanics, (Re approved 1999). ISBN: 9780870310782.
3. ACI 440.1R-15. (2015). ACI Committee 440, Guide for the design and construction of structural concrete reinforced with FRP bars. Farmington Hills, MI: American Concrete Institute.
4. ACI Committee 408. (2003). Bond and development of straight reinforcing bars in tension, ACI 408R-03. Farmington Hills, MI: American Concrete Institute.
5. ASTM C143/C143 M. (2015). Standard test method for slump of hydraulic cement concrete. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM International.
6. ASTM C192/C192 M. (2011). Standard practice for making and curing concrete test specimens in the laboratory. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM International.
7. ASTM C231/C231 M. (2011). Standard test method for air content of freshly mixed concrete by the pressure method. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM International.
8. ASTM C39/C39 M. (2011). Standard test method for compressive strength of cylindrical concrete specimens. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM International.
9. ASTM C78/C78 M. (2010). Standard test method for flexural strength of concrete. Annual Book of ASTM Standard. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM International.
10. Bamonte, P., Coronelli, D., & Gambarova, P. G. (2003). Smooth anchored bars in NSC and HPC: A study on size effect. Journal of Advanced Concrete Technology, 1(1), 42–53.10.3151/jact.1.42 ↗
11. Benmokrane, B., Wang, P., Ton-That, T., Rahman, H., & Robert, J. (2002). Durability of glass fibre reinforced polymer reinforcing bars in concrete environment. ASCE Journal of Composites for Construction, 62, 143–153.10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0268(2002)6:3(143) ↗
12. Chaallal, O., & Benmokrane, B. (1993). Bond of glass-fiber-rods embedded in concrete and grout. RILEM Journal of Materials & Structures, 16(157), 167–175.10.1007/BF02472934 ↗
13. Chen, Y., Davalos, J. F., & Ray, I. (2006). Durability prediction for GFRP bars using short-term data of accelerated aging tests. ASCE Journal of Composites for Construction, 104, 279–286.10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0268(2006)10:4(279) ↗
14. Choi, D.-U., Chun, S.-U., & Ha, S.-S. (2012). Bond strength of glass fibre-reinforced polymer bars in unconfined concrete. Engineering Structures, 3, 303–313.10.1016/j.engstruct.2011.08.033 ↗
15. CSA S6-06. (2006). Canadian highway bridge design code (CHBDC), 2006. Rexdale, ON: Canadian Standards Association.
16. CSA S806-12. (2012). Design and construction of building components with fibre reinforced polymers. Rexdale, ON: Canadian Standards Association.
17. Davalos, J., Chen, Y., & Ray, I. (2008). Effect of FRP bar degradation on interface bond with high strength concrete. Cement & Concrete Composites, 30, 722–730.10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2008.05.006 ↗
18. Ezeldin, A., & Balaguru, P. (1989). Bond behavior of normal and high-strength fiber reinforced concrete. ACI Materials Journal, 86(5), 515–524.
19. Gardoni, P., Trejo, D., & Kim, Y. H. (2013). Time-variant strength capacity model for GFRP bars embedded in concrete. ASCE Journal of Engineering Mechanics, 139(10), 1435–1445.10.1061/(ASCE)EM.1943-7889.0000588 ↗
20. Gu, X., Yu, B., & Wu, M. (2016). Experimental study of the bond performance and mechanical response of GFRP reinforced concrete. Construction and Building Materials, 114, 407–415.10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.03.211 ↗
21. Hao, Q., Wang, Y., He, Z., & Ou, J. (2009). Bond strength of glass fibre reinforced polymer ribbed rebars in normal strength concrete. Construction and Building Materials, 23, 865–871.10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2008.04.011 ↗
22. Harajli, M., Hamad, B., & Karam, K. (2002). Bond-slip response of reinforcing bars embedded in plain and fiber concrete. ASCE Journal of Materials Civil Engineering, 14, 503–511.10.1061/(ASCE)0899-1561(2002)14:6(503) ↗
23. Hossain, K. M. A., Ametrano, D., & Lachemi, M. (2014). Bond strength of standard and high-modulus GFRP bars in high-strength concrete. ASCE Journal of Materials Civil Engineering, 26, 449–456.10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0000758 ↗
24. Hossain, K. M. A., & Anwar, M. S. (2014). Properties of green engineered cementitious composites incorporating volcanic materials, structural faults + repair, 8th–10th July. London, UK: Imperial College.
25. Hossain, K. M. A., Gahtrehsamani, S., & Anwar, M. S. (2015a). Flexural fatigue performance of ECC link slabs for bridge deck applications. In K. M. Mahmoud (Ed.), Sustainable bridge structure, Chapter 22 (p. 247). EH Leiden: CRC Press-Balkema, Taylor & Francis Group.10.1201/b18775-28 ↗
26. Hossain, K. M. A., Hamoda, A. A. A., Sennah, K., Shoukry, M. E. S., & Mahmoud, Z. I. (2015b). Bond strength of ribbed GFRP bars embedded in high performance fiber reinforced concrete. Journal of Multidisciplinary Engineering Science and Technology (JMEST), 2, 1260–1267.
27. Issani, R., & Hossain, K. M. A. (2013). High performance ECC floor slabs in coupled shear wall structures. In 3rd CSCE Int. Spec. Conf. Material Eng. & Applied Mech, Montréal, May 29–June 1.
28. Kim, Y. H., Trejo, D., & Gardoni, P. (2012). Time-variant capacity and reliability of GFRP-reinforced bridge decks. ASCE Journal of Composites for Construction, 16(4), 359–370.10.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.0000275 ↗
29. Kotynia, R., Szczech, D., & Kaszubska, M. (2007). Bond behavior of GRFP bars to concrete in beam test. Procedia Engineering, 193, 401–408.10.1016/j.proeng.2017.06.230 ↗
30. Lee, J.-Y., Kim, T.-Y., Kim, T.-J., Yi, C.-K., Park, J.-S., You, Y.-C., et al. (2008). Interfacial bond strength of glass fibre reinforced polymer bars in high-strength concrete. Composites Part B Engineering, 39, 258–270.10.1016/j.compositesb.2007.03.008 ↗
31. Li, V. C. (2003). On engineered cementitious composites (ECC)—A review of the material and its applications. Journal of Advanced Concrete Technology, 1(3), 215–230.10.3151/jact.1.215 ↗
32. Li, V. C., & Kanda, T. (1998). Engineered cementitious composites for structural applications. ASCE Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 10(2), 66–69.10.1061/(ASCE)0899-1561(1998)10:2(66) ↗
33. Masmoudi, R., Masmoudi, A., Ouezdou, M. B., & Daoud, A. (2011). Long-term bond performance of GFRP bars in concrete under temperature ranging from 20°C to 80 & #xB0;C. Construction and Building Materials, 25, 486–493.10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2009.12.040 ↗
34. Mazaheripour, H., Joaquim, A. O., Barros, J. A. O., Sena-Cruz, J., & Martinelli, E. (2013). Experimental study on bond performance of GFRP bars in self-compacting steel fiber reinforced concrete. Composite Structures, 95(Jan), 202–212.10.1016/j.compstruct.2012.07.009 ↗
35. Mufti, A. A., Banthia, N., Benmokrane, B., Boulfiza, M., & Newhook, J. P. (2007). Durability of GFRP composite rods. Concrete International, 29(2), 37–42.
36. Okelo, R., & Yuan, R. L. (2005). Bond strength of fiber reinforced polymer rebars in normal strength concrete. ASCE Journal of Composites for Construction, 9, 203–213.10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0268(2005)9:3(203) ↗
37. Ozbay, E., Karahan, O., Lachemi, M., Hossain, K. M. A., & Atis, C. D. (2012). Investigation of properties of ECC Incorporating high volumes of fly ash and metakaolin. ACI Materials Journal, 109(5), 565–571.
38. Park, Y., Kim, Y. H., & Lee, S.-H. (2014). Long-term flexural behaviors of GFRP reinforced concrete beams exposed to accelerated aging exposure conditions. Polymers, 6, 1773–1793. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym6061773 .10.3390/polym6061773 ↗
39. Rafiei, S., Hossain, K. M. A., Lachemi, M., Behdinan, K., & Anwar, M. (2013). FE modeling of double skin profiled composite shear wall system under in-plane loadings. Engineering Structures, 56(Nov), 46–57.10.1016/j.engstruct.2013.04.014 ↗
40. RILEM. (1994). RC 6—Bond test for reinforcement steel. In RILEM recommendations for the testing and use of constructions materials. London: E & FN SPON.10.1201/9781482271362 ↗
41. Robert, M., & Benmokrane, B. (2010). Effect of aging on bond of GFRP bars embedded in concrete. Cement & Concrete Composites, 32(6), 461–467.10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2010.02.010 ↗
42. Robert, M., Cousin, P., & Benmokrane, B. (2009). Durability of GFRP reinforcing bars embedded in moist concrete. ASCE Journal of Composites for Construction, 13(2), 66–73.10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0268(2009)13:2(66) ↗
43. Şahmaran, M., Lachemi, M., Hossain, K. M. A., & Li, V. C. (2009). Influence of aggregate type and size on the ductility and mechanical properties of ECC. ACI Materials Journal, 106(3), 308–316.
44. Sherir, M. A. A., Hossain, K. M. A., & Lachemi, M. (2015). Structural performance of polymer fiber reinforced engineered cementitious composites subjected to static and fatigue flexural loading. Polymers, 7, 1299–1330.10.3390/polym7071299 ↗
45. Sherir, M. A. A., Hossain, K. M. A., & Lachemi, M. (2017). Development and recovery of mechanical properties of self-healing cementitious composites with MgO expansive agent. Construction and Building Materials, 148(September), 789–810.10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.05.063 ↗
46. Soroushian, P., Choi, K. B., Park, G. H., & Aslani, F. (1991). Bond of deformed bars to concrete: Effects of confinement and strength of concrete. ACI Materials Journal, 88(3), 227–232.
47. Stang, H., Li, Z., & Shah, S. P. (1990). Pull-out problem: Stress versus fracture mechanical approach. ASCE Journal of Engineering Mechanics, 116(10), 2136–2150.10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9399(1990)116:10(2136) ↗
48. Tighiouart, B., Benmokrane, B., & Gao, D. (1998). Investigation of bond in concrete member with fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) bars. Construction and Building Materials, 12(8), 453–462.10.1016/S0950-0618(98)00027-0 ↗
49. Yan, F., Lin, Z., & Yang, M. (2016). Bond mechanism and bond strength of GFRP bars to concrete: A review. Composites Part B Engineering, 98, 56–69.10.1016/j.compositesb.2016.04.068 ↗