journal article·2018-12Open access

Flexural Response of Reinforced Concrete Beams Strengthened with Near-Surface-Mounted Fe-Based Shape-Memory Alloy Strips

Kinam Hong, Sugyu Lee, Yeongmo Yeon, Kyusan Jung

Abstract

This paper proposes an advanced near-surface-mounted (NSM) technique with an Fe-based shape-memory alloy (Fe-SMA) strip which can solve issues of low workability and reduced ductility of reinforced concrete (RC) beams strengthened with an NSM technique using prestressed fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) strips in the concrete tension section. The flexural behavior of the RC beam strengthened by the NSM technique with the Fe-SMA strip was investigated. A total of seven RC beams were tested by four-point bending tests under displacement control. The type of reinforcements, the quantity of Fe-SMA strips, and the pre-straining level of the Fe-SMA strips were considered as experimental variables. Cracking load, yielding load, and ultimate load increased, respectively, with larger quantities of Fe-SMA strip. In addition, activation of embedded Fe-SMA in the concrete by electrical resistance heating effectively induces a prestressing force on the concrete beam, resulting in a cambering effect. The introduced prestressing force to the RC beam by activation of the Fe-SMA increased the crack and yielding loads, and did not decrease the ductility of the RC beam compared to the RC beam with non-activated Fe-SMA. It can be concluded from the test results that the strengthening technique using the recovery stress of the Fe-SMA strip as the prestressing force solves the various problems of the existing prestressing strengthening systems, meaning that Fe-SMA can be used as a substitute for conventional prestressing strengthening systems.
Source: openalex_inverted_index · Quality: baseline

Research context

OpenAlex topics: Structural Behavior of Reinforced Concrete · Innovative concrete reinforcement materials · Structural Load-Bearing Analysis

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

References (41)

Show source-provided references
1. Abdulridha, A., Palermo, D., Foo, S., & Vecchio, F. J. (2013). Behavior and modeling of superelastic shape memory alloy reinforced concrete beams. Engineering Structures, 49, 893–904.10.1016/j.engstruct.2012.12.041 ↗
2. ASTM, C39. (2001). Standard test method for compressive strength of cylindrical concrete specimens. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM International.
3. ASTM, C370-12. (2016a). Standard test method for moisture expansion of fired Whiteware products. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM International.
4. ASTM, C1329-16a. (2016b). Standard specification for mortar cement. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM International.
5. Badawi, M., & Soudki, K. (2009). Flexural strengthening of RC beams with prestressed NSM CFRP rods—experimental and analytical investigation. Construction and Building Materials, 23(10), 3292–3300.10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2009.03.005 ↗
6. Barros, J. A., Ferreira, D. R., Fortes, A. S., & Dias, S. J. (2006). Assessing the effectiveness of embedding CFRP laminates in the near surface for structural strengthening. Construction and Building Materials, 20(7), 478–491.10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2005.01.030 ↗
7. Bilotta, A., Ceroni, F., Nigro, E., & Pecce, M. (2015). Efficiency of CFRP NSM strips and EBR plates for flexural strengthening of RC beams and loading pattern influence. Composite Structures, 124, 163–175.10.1016/j.compstruct.2014.12.046 ↗
8. Casadei, P., Galati, N., Boschetto, G., Tan, K. Y., Nanni, A., & Galecki, G. (2006, June). Strengthening of impacted prestressed concrete bridge I-girder using prestressed near surface mounted C-FRP bars. In Proceedings of 2nd International FIB Congress. Naples, Italy (CD-ROM, paper ID 10–76).
9. Choi, H. T., West, J. S., & Soudki, K. A. (2010). Effect of partial unbonding on prestressed near-surface-mounted CFRP-strengthened concrete T-beams. Journal of Composites for Construction, 15(1), 93–102.10.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.0000149 ↗
10. Cladera, A., Weber, B., Leinenbach, C., Czaderski, C., Shahverdi, M., & Motavalli, M. (2014). Iron-based shape memory alloys for civil engineering structures: An overview. Construction and Building Materials, 63, 281–293.10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.04.032 ↗
11. Coelho, M. R., Sena-Cruz, J. M., & Neves, L. A. (2015). A review on the bond behavior of FRP NSM systems in concrete. Construction and Building Materials, 93, 1157–1169.10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.05.010 ↗
12. Czaderski, C., Shahverdi, M., Brönnimann, R., Leinenbach, C., & Motavalli, M. (2014). Feasibility of iron-based shape memory alloy strips for prestressed strengthening of concrete structures. Construction and Building Materials, 56, 94–105.10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.01.069 ↗
13. De Lorenzis, L., Rizzo, A., & La Tegola, A. (2002). A modified pull-out test for bond of near-surface mounted FRP rods in concrete. Composites Part B Engineering, 33(8), 589–603.10.1016/S1359-8368(02)00052-5 ↗
14. Dong, Z., Klotz, U. E., Leinenbach, C., Bergamini, A., Czaderski, C., & Motavalli, M. (2009). A novel Fe–Mn–Si shape memory alloy with improved shape recovery properties by VC precipitation. Advanced Engineering Materials, 11(1–2), 40–44.10.1002/adem.200800312 ↗
15. El-Hacha, R., & Gaafar, M. (2011). Flexural strengthening of reinforced concrete beams using prestressed, near-surfacemounted CFRP bars. PCI Journal, 56(4), 134–151.10.15554/pcij.09012011.134.151 ↗
16. El-Hacha, R., & Rizkalla, S. H. (2004). Near-surface-mounted fiber-reinforced polymer reinforcements for flexural strengthening of concrete structures. Structural Journal, 101(5), 717–726.
17. El-Hacha, R., & Soudki, K. (2013). Prestressed near-surface mounted fibre reinforced polymer reinforcement for concrete structures—A review. Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, 40(11), 1127–1139.10.1139/cjce-2013-0063 ↗
18. El-Hacha, R., Wight, R. G., & Green, M. F. (2001). Prestressed fibre-reinforced polymer laminates for strengthening structures. Progress in Structural Engineering and Materials, 3(2), 111–121.10.1002/pse.76 ↗
19. Elsanadedy, H. M., Almusallam, T. H., Alsayed, S. H., & Al-Salloum, Y. A. (2013). Flexural strengthening of RC beams using textile reinforced mortar—Experimental and numerical study. Composite Structures, 97, 40–55.10.1016/j.compstruct.2012.09.053 ↗
20. Farjami, S., Hiraga, K., & Kubo, H. (2004). Shape memory effect and crystallographic investigation in VN containing Fe–Mn–Si–Cr alloys. Materials Transactions, 45(3), 930–935.10.2320/matertrans.45.930 ↗
21. Gaafar, M. A., & El-Hacha, R. (2008, July). Strengthening reinforced concrete beams with prestressed near surface mounted FRP strips. In Proceedings of Fourth International Conference on FRP Composites in Civil Engineering, CICE, Zurich, Switzerland.
22. Hong, K. N., Cho, C. G., Lee, S. H., & Park, Y. (2014). Flexural behavior of RC members using externally bonded aluminum-glass fiber composite beams. Polymers, 6(3), 667–685.10.3390/polym6030667 ↗
23. Hong, S. N., Park, J. M., Park, S. K., Park, J. S., & Park, Y. H. (2006). An experimantal study on flexural behavior of RC beams strengthened with near surface mounted prestressed FRP. Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute, 18(6), 737–742.10.4334/JKCI.2006.18.6.737 ↗
24. Kajiwara, S., Liu, D., Kikuchi, T., & Shinya, N. (2001). Remarkable improvement of shape memory effect in Fe-Mn-Si based shape memory alloys by producing NbC precipitates. Scripta Materialia, 44(12), 2809–2814.10.1016/S1359-6462(01)00978-2 ↗
25. Kara, I. F., Ashour, A. F., & Köroğlu, M. A. (2016). Flexural performance of reinforced concrete beams strengthened with prestressed near-surface-mounted FRP reinforcements. Composites Part B Engineering, 91, 371–383.10.1016/j.compositesb.2016.01.023 ↗
26. Kim, H. J. (2005). Failure behavior of reinforced concrete beams with flexural strengthened by steel plates. Ph.D. Thesis, Chonnam University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea, 17–22.
27. Kim, S. W. (2015). Experimental study on bond flexural behavior of RC members using CFRP-bar NSM system. Ph.D. Thesis, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea.
28. Lee, W. J., Weber, B., Feltrin, G., Czaderski, C., Motavalli, M., & Leinenbach, C. (2013). Phase transformation behavior under uniaxial deformation of an Fe–Mn–Si–Cr–Ni–VC shape memory alloy. Materials Science and Engineering A, 581, 1–7.10.1016/j.msea.2013.06.002 ↗
29. Loreto, G., Leardini, L., Arboleda, D., & Nanni, A. (2013). Performance of RC slab-type elements strengthened with fabric-reinforced cementitious-matrix composites. Journal of Composites for Construction, 18(3), A4013003–1–9.
30. Miller, D. A., & Lagoudas, D. C. (2000). Thermomechanical characterization of NiTiCu and NiTi SMA actuators: influence of plastic strains. Smart Materials and Structures, 9(5), 640.10.1088/0964-1726/9/5/308 ↗
31. Nordin, H. (2003). Fibre reinforced polymers in civil engineering: flexural strengthening of concrete structures with prestressed near surface mounted CFRP rods. Doctoral dissertation. Luleå tekniska universitet.
32. Park, J. Y. (2003). Behavior characteristics and strengthening design of reinforced concrete beam strengthened with carbon fiber reinforced polymer plate. Ph.D. Thesis, Chungbuk University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea, 1–3.
33. Rezazadeh, M., Barros, J., & Costa, I. (2015). Analytical approach for the flexural analysis of RC beams strengthened with prestressed CFRP. Composites Part B Engineering, 73, 16–34.10.1016/j.compositesb.2014.12.016 ↗
34. Rosenboom, O., & Rizkalla, S. (2006). Behavior of prestressed concrete strengthened with various CFRP systems subjected to fatigue loading. Journal of Composites for Construction, 10(6), 492–502.10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0268(2006)10:6(492) ↗
35. Sato, A., Chishima, E., Soma, K., & Mori, T. (1982). Shape memory effect in γ ⇄ ϵ transformation in Fe–30Mn–1Si alloy single crystals. Acta Metallurgica, 30(6), 1177–1183.10.1016/0001-6160(82)90011-6 ↗
36. Shahverdi, M., Czaderski, C., & Motavalli, M. (2016). Iron-based shape memory alloys for prestressed near-surface mounted strengthening of reinforced concrete beams. Construction and Building Materials, 112, 28–38.10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.02.174 ↗
37. Shin, M., & Andrawes, B. (2010). Experimental investigation of actively confined concrete using shape memory alloys. Engineering Structures, 32(3), 656–664.10.1016/j.engstruct.2009.11.012 ↗
38. Triantafillou, T. C., & Plevris, N. (1992). Strengthening of RC beams with epoxy-bonded fibre-composite materials. Materials and Structures, 25(4), 201–211.10.1007/BF02473064 ↗
39. Woo, S. K., Nam, J. W., Kim, J. H. J., Han, S. H., & Byun, K. J. (2008). Suggestion of flexural capacity evaluation and prediction of prestressed CFRP strengthened design. Engineering Structures, 30(12), 3751–3763.10.1016/j.engstruct.2008.06.013 ↗
40. Yang, D. S., Park, S. K., & Neale, K. W. (2009). Flexural behaviour of reinforced concrete beams strengthened with prestressed carbon composites. Composite Structures, 88(4), 497–508.10.1016/j.compstruct.2008.05.016 ↗
41. Yeon Y. (2017). Evaluation of prestressing effect for fe-based shape memory alloy. M.Sc. Thesis, Chungbuk National University.