Identifying the most efficient conditions for a modular nitinol structure in shape-changing clothing

Purpose We investigated the application of nitinol, a shape memory alloy to shape-changing clothing with a focus on identifying the most efficient structure and thermal conditions for effective use in wearable designs. Design/methodology/approach Various twisted Nitinol structures were fabricated and integrated into fabric modules to evaluate their shape recovery behavior. The study examined the shape recovery ratio (SRR), transformation efficiency and the effects of different thermal activation conditions. Findings Denser structures had superior SRRs, with the 2:1 aspect ratio configuration (2 × 1 structure) emerging as the most efficient, completing transformation within 1 min and 30 s at 80 °C. This structure minimizes nitinol usage while ensuring rapid and responsive shape changes, making it ideal for garment applications. Originality/value We developed a modular design that allows for flexible integration into various clothing styles and offers valuable insights for future developments in smart textile design. The findings contribute to advancing the potential of nitinol in fashion, thereby enabling the development of innovative and dynamic shape-changing garments.