Increased stiffness of extracellular matrix enhanced chemoresistance in 3D-bioprinted ovarian cancer model

Ovarian cancer is a gynecological malignancy with a high mortality rate. The ovarian cancer microenvironment is a crucial factor affecting the overall and progression-free survival rates of patients with ovarian cancer. The biophysical factors of the tumor microenvironment, such as stiffness, can affect the gene expression and behavior of tumor cells. In this study, we utilized 3D bioprinting technology to construct ovarian cancer tumor models with varying levels of stiffness in vitro to investigate the effect of extracellular matrix stiffness on drug resistance of tumor cells. Our findings indicate that increasing the stiffness of extracellular matrix can attenuate the sensitivity of tumor cells to chemotherapeutic agents. Additionally, the increased stiffness of 3D tumor model may promote malignant phenotypes, such as tumor stemness and tumor progression.