A Review on Bioinks and their Application in Plant Bioprinting

In recent years, the characterization and fabrication methods concerning new bioinks have received much attention, largely because the absence of bioprintable materials has been identified as one of the most rudimentary challenges for rapid advancement in the field of three-dimensional (3D) printing. Bioinks for printing mammalian organs have been rapidly produced, but bioinks in the field of plant science remain sparse. Thus, 3D fabrication of plant parts is still in its infancy due to the lack of appropriate bioink materials, and aside from that, the difficulty in recreating sophisticated microarchitectures that accurately and safely mimic natural biological activities is a concern. Therefore, this review article is designed to emphasize the significance of bioinks and their applications in plant bioprinting.