Dough Extrusion 3D Printing of Bioglass With Physico‐Mechanical and Biological Assessments for Bone Tissue Engineering

ABSTRACT Over the past few decades, tissue engineering has undergone significant advancements, enabling the development of complex and customizable synthetic tissue constructs. Among these, 3D printing has emerged as a powerful technique for fabricating scaffolds with precisely controlled architectures capable of mimicking tissue‐specific mechanical and biological properties. In this context, the present study focuses on the development of a slurry‐based 3D printing approach for fabricating bioactive glass scaffolds with enhanced mechanical performance tailored for site‐specific tissue engineering applications. The rheological behavior of the printable viscous dough was systematically optimized to achieve superior printability and structural integrity after post‐printing. Comprehensive characterization techniques, including SEM, FTIR, and TG‐DSC analysis, were employed to investigate the physicochemical states of the synthesized glass particles. XRD analysis confirmed the formation of a stabilized glassy phase with enhanced ionic mobility under controlled heat treatment. The biologically active and mechanically robust scaffolds exhibited accelerated biomineralization kinetics and apatite growth on their surfaces. Thus, these findings highlight the potential of 3D‐printed, customized BG scaffolds as promising candidates for promoting bone regeneration within the broader framework of regenerative medicine.