Bi ₂ S ₃ nanorods supported on eggshell membrane electrodes for supercapacitor applications

Abstract A simple one‐step hydrothermal process was employed to develop a favorable class of materials toward energy storage devices such as supercapacitors. The electrode material was characterized using state‐of‐the‐art techniques, along with electrochemical parameters, including galvanostatic charge–discharge, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry, toward investigate energy storage behaviors, such as specific capacitance ( C _sp ), power density, and energy density. Scalable Bi ₂ S ₃ nanorods deposited on eggshell membrane electrodes (ESMEs) exhibit a much greater C _sp of 580.61 F/g on 1 A/g. Calculated energy densities are 29.3, 22.7, 18.8, and 15.0 W h/kg, whereas the power densities are 263.1, 349.3, 663.1, and 870.0 W/kg at 1, 2, 5, and with 10 A/g, respectively. These impressive conclusions are attributed to the enhanced electroactive surface area of Bi ₂ S ₃ /ESME (625 cm ² ). The unique structure of these materials, featuring a substantial surface area (78.3 cm ² /g), contributes to this enhanced performance. The findings of this study could inform new strategies for boosting the performance of future applications.