Alternative green preparation of mesoporous calcium hydroxyapatite by chemical reaction of eggshell and phosphoric acid

Abstract Eggshell is a rich source of CaCO ₃ with a high purity content of more than 96.35% w/w and a potential raw material for calcium hydroxyapatite preparation. Mesoporous and nano‐particulate calcium hydroxyapatite was prepared from duck eggshell from the chemical reaction with phosphoric acid followed by the calcinations at 800, 900, and 1000°C for 2 hours. The optimum condition to obtain the high purity calcium hydroxyapatite was by sintering calcium phosphate Ca ₃ (PO ₄ ) ₂ at 1000°C for 2 hours. The average particle size, pore diameter, specific surface, and true density of the sample sintered at 1000°C for 2 hours were 101.93 ± 12.15 nm, 98.96 Å, 2.12 m ² /g, and 3.02 g/cm ³ , respectively, appearing as a soft fine powder with a white color. The raw duck eggshell is a potential candidate as a bio‐ceramic material to prepare calcium hydroxyapatite suitable for use in various bio‐applications such as bone tissue engineering, drug and gene delivery, remineralizing agent in toothpaste, and bone void fillers for orthopedic and restoration.