Hydrothermal synthesis of pseudocubic BaTiO ₃ nanoparticles using TiO ₂ nanofibers: Study on photocatalytic and dielectric properties

Abstract In this study, TiO ₂ nanofibers were fabricated via the electrospinning method followed by air annealing. Then, Ti‐requirement in the conventional hydrothermal synthesis of BaTiO ₃ stoichiometry was supplied by using these nanofibers. The microstructural and compositional properties of BaTiO ₃ nanoparticles were studied using SEM, TEM, XRD, XPS, and Raman spectroscopy. The structural analysis showed that the cubic symmetry was the dominant one in the BaTiO ₃ nanoparticles, whereas Raman spectroscopy indicated the coexistence of cubic symmetry with the tetragonal polymorph. The nanoparticles displayed higher photocatalytic reactivity under UV‐A light compared to visible irradiation during decomposition of methylene blue dye and reached 24.2% and 18.8% degradation, respectively, after 1 hour. Furthermore, the dielectric properties were investigated using sintered compacts of these nanoparticles. Among the employed temperatures for sintering, the highest relative density (90%) and dielectric constant (2165 at 1 MHz) were obtained at 1250°C and 5 hours. This study revealed that the electrospun TiO ₂ nanofiber precursor can successfully be used for the production of nanoscale barium titanate particles suitable for various applications.