Comparative analysis of filling quality and bond strength among different root-end filling materials in root-end cavities

The aim of the study was to evaluate root-end filling materials (MTA Angelus, Bio-C Repair, Cimmo HD and Biodentine) in terms of filling ability and their bond strength to dentin. 40 maxillary incisors were prepared for simulated apical surgery. After sectioning 3 mm before the apical foramen and 6 mm in the cervical direction, the specimens were positioned at a 45° angle. Root-end cavities, 3 mm deep, were then created using an ultrasonic insert. The specimens were divided into four groups based on the material used (n = 10). Filling ability, bond strength, and failure modes were evaluated using microtomography, push-out test, and a stereomicroscope, respectively. Data were tested for normality (Shapiro-Wilk) and homogeneity (Levene) (P > 0.05). One-way ANOVA was used to analyze filling ability and bond strength data, for failure mode, the chi-square test was used at a 95 % probability level. A lower percentage of gaps was observed in the root-end cavities filled with Bio-C Repair, Biodentine and MTA Angelus when compared to Cimmo HD, with no significant difference between them (P > 0.05). Regarding the bond strength, Biodentine (16.48 ± 3.92 MPa) and MTA Angelus (15.67 ± 3.07 MPa) showed higher values when compared to Bio-C Repair (11.18 ± 1.38 MPa), with no statistically significant difference between them (P > 0.05). Cimmo HD showed intermediate values (12.60 ± 2.61 MPa), with no statistically significant difference to MTA Angelus and Bio-C Repair (P < 0.05). The cavities filled with Biodentine showed a predominance of cohesive failures, while the other materials showed mixed failures (P < 0.05). Cimmo HD exhibited more gaps compared to other materials, with Biodentine and MTA Angelus showing the highest bond strength, with Cimmo HD showing an intermediate value.