High-frequency welding of glass–fibre-reinforced polypropylene with a thermoplastic adhesive layer: Effects of ceramic type and long-term exposure on lap shear strength

Abstract In this study, high-frequency (HF) welding of glass–fibre-reinforced polypropylene (GF/PP) with thermoplastic adhesive layers consisting of zinc oxide (ZnO), anatase-type titanium oxide or silicon carbide was investigated. Effects of the ceramic type and content on the dielectric and temperature characteristics of these adhesive layers were evaluated experimentally, and the ratio of the dielectric loss tangent to the relative dielectric permittivity (tan δ / e ′), which was the index of the HF heating efficiency, exhibited different tendencies by these parameters. This value increased rapidly with increasing temperature even at 10 vol% ZnO, suggesting that the heating of the adhesive layer may be accelerated by combining temperature rise with a small amount of ZnO. During the HF welding process, the ZnO-containing adhesive layer bound to GF/PP in the shortest time (18 s) with high bond strength (~14 MPa). The effects of temperature (50 °C) and moisture (80% relative humidity) on the mechanical strength of the HF-welded specimens after a long-term exposure were also examined.