The effects of sintering additives on the ceramic matrix composite of ZrO ₂ : microstructure, densification, and mechanical properties – a review

The latest technological requirement demands a huge (but sometimes challenging) variety of properties which perhaps are impossible in monolithic or traditional materials. This has innovated the introduction of reinforcement in traditional materials such that the resulting composite material would be an advantage for the collaborating influence of the combined matrix and the reinforcement. Single-phase ceramics have been limited in application due to low densification and poor properties. Hence, ceramic matrix composite is the family of materials that have undertaken quick innovation in past years because of its auspicious properties for structural and functional usage. This concept has made the incorporation of sintering additives into the monolithic form of ZrO2 of high importance because of the poor densification and fracture toughness of undoped ZrO2. The addition of sintering additives provides good functionality to the improvement of ceramic materials. This paper painstakingly reviews the effects of diverse sintering additives such as carbides, borides, nitrides on the microstructure, densification, and mechanical properties of ZrO2 ceramic matrix using different sintering techniques and it lastly stated a futuristic approach to the enhancement and characterisation needed for ZrO2 ceramic matrix composites.