Shape-Controlled Synthesis of One-Dimensional MnO₂ via a Facile Quick-Precipitation Procedure and its Electrochemical Properties

MnO 2 with different crystallographic forms (α, γ) and morphologies (needles, rods, and spindles) was fabricated via a facile quick-precipitation procedure at a low temperature (about 83 °C) without using any templates or surfactants. The proposed mechanism is focused on the different reaction parameters that affect the behaviors of MnO 6 octahedron units (basic structural framework of MnO 2 ), which then exert an influence on the formation and stack of nuclei in the crystal growth process. Specific capacitances ( C s ) calculated according to the area of the cyclic voltammograms (CV) curves were 233.5, 83.1 F·g −1 for the needle- and 95.5, 29.3 F·g −1 for the spindle-like products at the scan rate of 5, 100 mV·s −1, respectively. The C s of needle-like samples calculated by discharge curves at the current density of 2 mA·cm 2 is 209.8 F·g −1, close to the value calculated by CV curves at the scan rate of 5 mV·s −1 . This methodology facilitates us to synthesize MnO 2 with discrepant one-dimensional (1D) nanostructures via a quick, simple, and mild route and may be readily extended to the preparation of many other oxide nanoparticles.