Thermodynamic modeling of the processes in a boiling water reactor to buildup the magnetic corrosion product deposits
Source abstract
Abstract
Abstract The buildup of corrosion product deposits (CRUD) on the fuel cladding of the boiling water reactor (BWR) before and after zinc injection has been investigated by using Gibbs Energy Minimization (GEM-Selector code) calculations of thermodynamic equilibrium at in situ temperatures and pressures. Under the BWR water chemistry conditions, Zn addition together with the presence of Ni and Mn induce the formation of (Zn,Ni,Mn)[Fe 2 O 4 ] spinel solid solutions. GEM calculations applied to the boiling zone match with the electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) and Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (EXAFS) findings, indicating that zinc-rich ferrite spinels are formed on BWR fuel cladding mainly at lower pin elevations under Zn water chemistry conditions. GEM results have helped to explain the existence of magnetic product deposits on the surface of the fuel element and the processes that take place in the reactor.
Source: openaire · Quality: candidate unverified · Source record ↗
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Iron oxide chemistry and applications · Nuclear Materials and Properties · Metallurgical Processes and Thermodynamics
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
References (31)
Show source-provided references
1. Hydrogen injection in BWR and related radiation Chemistry
2. C.F. Baes Jr., T.H. Handley, Maritime reactor, Progr. Ann. Rep., (ORNL-3238) (1961) 41–49.
3. Orlov · 2009
4. Investigation on a corrosion product deposit layer on a boiling water reactor fuel cladding10.1016/j.nimb.2009.09.007 ↗
5. A. Orlov, C. Degueldre, W. Kaufmann, Analysis of the magnetic corrosion product deposits on a boiling water reactor cladding, J. Solid State Chem. (in press).
6. http://gems.web.psi.ch updated 27.10.2011.
7. Modeling chemical mass-transfer in geochemical processes: Thermodynamic relations, conditions of equilibria and numerical algorithms10.2475/ajs.297.8.767 ↗
8. Modeling chemical mass-transfer in geochemical processes: Thermodynamic relations, conditions of equilibria and numerical algorithms
9. V.A. Kurepin, D.A. Kulik, A. Hiltpold, M. Nicolet, Thermodynamic modelling of Fe-Cr-Ni spinel formation at the light-water reactor conditions, PSI Bericht Nr. 02–04, March 2002.
10. A thermodynamic model of Fe–Cr spinels10.1007/s00410-005-0669-4 ↗
11. Ideal site mixing in solid solutions, with an application to two-feldspar geothermometry
12. A thermodynamic model for multicomponent melts10.1016/0016-7037(84)90094-2 ↗
13. R.A. Robie, B.S. Hemingway, Thermodynamic properties of minerals and related substances at 298.15K and 1 bar (105 pascals) pressure and at higher temperatures, United States Government Printing Office, Washington, 1995.
14. Kubaschewski · 1993
15. Immiscibility in the nickel ferrite-zinc ferrite spinel binary10.1016/j.jpcs.2007.03.025 ↗
16. Solid-solution solubilities and thermodynamics: Sulfates, carbonate and halides10.2138/rmg.2000.40.10 ↗
17. Cation distribution in NiZn-ferrite films via extended x-ray absorption fine structure10.1063/1.115591 ↗
18. High-field Mössbauer study of manganese–zinc ferrites10.1103/PhysRevB.11.278 ↗
19. Röntgenbeugungs- und Neutronenbeugungsuntersuchungen an Ferriten der reihe MnxZn1-xFe2O410.1107/S0021889868005145 ↗
20. X-ray diffraction study of the cation distribution in the Mn-Zn-ferrites10.1016/0038-1098(92)90064-G ↗
21. Cation distribution in NixMn1 – xFe2O4 Ferrites10.1016/S0254-0584(01)00487-4 ↗
22. Cation distribution and infrared properties of NixMn1-xFe2O4 ferrites10.1023/A:1012473207424 ↗
23. The structure of manganese-iron— oxygen spinels10.1107/S0365110X66001178 ↗
24. Heat capacity measurements of MnxFe3−xO410.1016/0022-4596(81)90188-2 ↗
25. Thermodynamic properties and cation distribution of the ZnFe2O4-Fe3O4 spinel solid solutions at 900°C10.1016/0040-6031(79)85011-X ↗
26. Inorganic species in geologic fluids: Correlations among standard molal thermodynamic properties of aqueous ions and hydroxide complexes10.1016/S0016-7037(96)00339-0 ↗
27. SUPCRT92: A software package for calculating the standard molal thermodynamic properties of minerals, gases, aqueous species, and reactions from 1 to 5000 bar and 0 to 1000°C10.1016/0098-3004(92)90029-Q ↗
28. Investigation of the colloid characteristics in the water of boiling water reactors
29. Solubility Measurements of Crystalline NiO in Aqueous Solution as a Function of Temperature and pH10.1007/s10953-011-9670-x ↗
30. Mechanistic modeling for ring-type BWR fuel spacer design: 1. Drift flow model10.1016/S0029-5493(00)00279-X ↗
31. A model of chemistry and thermal hydraulics in PWR fuel crud deposits10.1016/j.jnucmat.2005.01.028 ↗