Characterisation of passive layer on steel immersed in MgO-SiO2 binder suspension solution
Source abstract
Abstract
MgO-SiO 2 binders inherently have lower pH compared to Portland cement (PC), raising concerns about their suitability for structural applications involving steel reinforcement. To address this concern, this study investigated steel passivation in MgO-SiO 2 binders in the presence of sodium hexametaphosphate (SHMP), which improves workability and increases pH. The combined effect of SHMP and alkali addition in MgO-SiO 2 on steel passivation was also evaluated. Passive layer formation on steel was characterised with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), Raman spectroscopy, low-kV backscattered electron (BSE) scanning and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The obtained results demonstrated the formation of a protective passive layer on steel in the presence of SHMP, along with the absence of corrosion in mixes with SHMP or alkalis. Alkali addition also improved steel passivation in MgO-SiO 2 systems. While the passive layer in the MgO-SiO 2 system containing SHMP/alkalis was similar to those present in PC samples, differences in its composition and thickness were highlighted.
Source: openalex_inverted_index · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Magnesium Oxide Properties and Applications · Concrete and Cement Materials Research · Advanced ceramic materials synthesis
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
References (56)
Show source-provided references
1. A striking growth of CO 2 emissions from the global cement industry driven by new facilities in emerging countries10.1088/1748-9326/ac48b5 ↗
2. Committed emissions from existing energy infrastructure jeopardize 1.5 °C climate target10.1038/s41586-019-1364-3 ↗
3. Current global efforts are insufficient to limit warming to 1.5°C10.1126/science.abo3378 ↗
4. Pathways towards sustainable concrete10.1016/j.cemconres.2022.106718 ↗
5. Literature review on policies to mitigate GHG emissions for cement and concrete10.1016/j.resconrec.2022.106278 ↗
6. Carbon dioxide emissions and climate change: policy implications for the cement industry10.1016/j.envsci.2004.12.006 ↗
7. Environmental impact of cement production and solutions: a review10.1016/j.matpr.2021.02.212 ↗
8. Transformation of abundant magnesium silicate minerals for enhanced CO2 sequestration10.1038/s43247-021-00099-6 ↗
9. Synthesis of reactive MgO from reject brine via the addition of NH4OH10.1016/j.hydromet.2017.01.010 ↗
10. Production of reactive magnesia from desalination reject brine and its use as a binder10.1016/j.jcou.2020.101383 ↗
11. Recovery of ultra-high purity reactive magnesia from reject brine and its comparison with commercial magnesia10.1016/j.desal.2023.116909 ↗
12. Towards a clean environment: the potential application of eco-friendly magnesia-silicate cement in CO2 sequestration10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.119875 ↗
13. Development of magnesium-silicate-hydrate (M-S-H) cement with rice husk ash10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.11.246 ↗
14. Role of sodium hexametaphosphate in MgO/SiO2 cement pastes10.1016/j.cemconres.2016.08.003 ↗
15. Performance and microstructural development of MgO–SiO2 binders under different curing conditions10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.08.020 ↗
16. Formation of magnesium silicate hydrate (M-S-H) cement pastes using sodium hexametaphosphate10.1016/j.cemconres.2014.07.001 ↗
17. A critical review of magnesium silicate hydrate (M-S-H) phases for binder applications10.1016/j.cemconres.2024.107462 ↗
18. Development of low pH cement systems forming magnesium silicate hydrate (M-S-H)10.1016/j.cemconres.2011.01.016 ↗
19. Atlas of electrochemical equilibria in aqueous solutions
20. Passivation of reinforcing steel in reactive MgO cement blended with Portland cement10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2023.105269 ↗
21. The effect of concrete pore solution composition on the quality of passive oxide films on black steel reinforcement10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2008.10.003 ↗
22. Corrosion of steel in carbonated concrete: mechanisms, practical experience, and research priorities – a critical review by RILEM TC 281-CCC10.21809/rilemtechlett.2020.127 ↗
23. EIS study of passivation of austenitic and duplex stainless steels reinforcements in simulated pore solutions10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2006.01.012 ↗
24. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy for studying passive layers on steel rebars immersed in alkaline solutions simulating concrete pores10.1016/j.electacta.2007.02.012 ↗
25. The effect of concrete pore solution composition on the quality of passive oxide films on black steel reinforcement10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2008.10.003 ↗
26. Effect of cation type of chloride salts on corrosion behaviour of steel in concrete powder electrolyte solution in the presence of corrosion inhibitors10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.02.153 ↗
27. T. Zhang, “Development of novel low pH Magnesium Silicate Hydrate (M-S-H) cement systems for encapsulation of problematic nuclear wastes,” Imperial College London, 2012. doi: 10.25560/17873.
28. E. Bernard, “Magnesium silicate hydrate (M-S-H) characterization: temperature, calcium, aluminium and alkali,” phdthesis, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2017. doi: 10/document.
29. Assignment of features in impedance spectra of the cement-paste/steel system10.1016/S0008-8846(98)00156-2 ↗
30. Passivation of mild steel embedded in low-heat Portland cement: a comparative study with ordinary Portland cement10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2023.105389 ↗
31. Reinforcing steel passivation in mortar and pore solution10.1016/j.cemconres.2007.04.005 ↗
32. Electrochemical behaviour of steel rebars in concrete: influence of environmental factors and cement chemistry10.1016/S0013-4686(01)00678-8 ↗
33. Corrosion rate of ordinary and high-performance concrete subjected to chloride attack by AC impedance spectroscopy10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2005.01.062 ↗
34. Electrochemical characterization of mild steel in alkaline solutions simulating concrete environment10.1016/j.jelechem.2014.10.023 ↗
35. The use of electrical impedance spectroscopy for monitoring the hydration products of Portland cement mortars with high percentage of pozzolans10.1016/j.cemconres.2013.03.019 ↗
36. A study on the corrosion of reinforcing bars in alkali-activated fly ash mortars under wet and dry exposures to chloride solutions10.1016/j.cemconres.2016.05.010 ↗
37. Corrosion mitigation of steel rebars in chloride contaminated concrete pore solution using inhibitor: an electrochemical investigation10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.04.069 ↗
38. Raman microspectroscopy of some iron oxides and oxyhydroxides10.1002/(SICI)1097-4555(199711)28:11<873::AID-JRS177>3.0.CO;2-B ↗
39. Spectroscopic and thermoanalytical characterization of standard substances for the identification of reaction products on iron electrodes10.1007/BF01913309 ↗
40. Application of Raman spectroscopy to identify iron minerals commonly found in mine wastes10.1016/j.chemgeo.2011.09.001 ↗
41. Lattice vibration spectra. Part LXXXII. Brucite-type hydroxides M(OH)2 (M = Ca, Mn, Co, Fe, Cd) — IR and Raman spectra, neutron diffraction of Fe(OH)210.1016/0022-2860(94)08355-X ↗
42. Raman imaging of ancient rust scales on archaeological iron artefacts for long-term atmospheric corrosion mechanisms study10.1002/jrs.1581 ↗
43. Passivation of steel and stainless steel in alkaline media simulating concrete10.1016/B978-0-12-409547-2.13772-2 ↗
44. Characterization of iron oxides commonly formed as corrosion products on steel10.1023/A:1011076308501 ↗
45. Raman spectroscopy of iron oxides and (oxy)hydroxides at low laser power and possible applications in environmental magnetic studies10.1111/j.1365-246X.2009.04122.x ↗
46. Application of Raman Spectroscopy in the study of the corrosion of steel reinforcement in concrete: a critical review10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2023.105231 ↗
47. The nature of the passive film on iron and ferrous alloys10.1016/0010-938X(89)90026-7 ↗
48. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic studies of iron oxides10.1021/ac50019a016 ↗
49. Infrared- and Raman-active phonons of magnetite, maghemite, and hematite: a computer simulation and spectroscopic study10.1021/jp048748h ↗
50. Resolving surface chemical states in XPS analysis of first row transition metals, oxides and hydroxides: Cr, Mn, Fe, Co and Ni10.1016/j.apsusc.2010.10.051 ↗
51. Electrochemical behavior of mild steel in concrete: Influence of pH and carbonate content of concrete pore solution10.1016/j.electacta.2005.04.014 ↗
52. Corrosion, layer formation, and oxide reduction of passive iron in alkaline solution: a combined electrochemical and surface analytical study10.1021/la00078a003 ↗
53. Nano-scale study of passive films and chloride-induced depassivation of carbon steel rebar in simulated concrete pore solutions using FIB/TEM10.1016/j.cemconres.2013.01.009 ↗
54. Electrochemistry and surface chemistry of stainless steels in alkaline media simulating concrete pore solutions10.1016/j.electacta.2008.06.007 ↗
55. Effect of magnesia-to-phosphate ratio on the passivation of mild steel in magnesium potassium phosphate cement10.1016/j.corsci.2020.108848 ↗
56. Corrosion inhibition of carbon steel by dipotassium hydrogen phosphate in alkaline solutions with low chloride contamination10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.07.181 ↗