Fireside corrosion of 9Cr-1Mo steel at high temperatures, in the acid flue gas from an oil refinery
Source abstract
Abstract
Abstract The petrochemical industry is implementing practices to recover flue gases to reduce energy waste. H2S in the recovered gas makes the gaseous environment acidic during reuse. This work evaluates the corrosion of 9Cr-1Mo steel under an acidic gas environment in the temperature range of 450–750 oC and 200 h exposure time. We used X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to understand the role of H2S in the corrosion process. Results suggest that the gas recovered and employed as flue gas in the refinery should be restricted to facilities where the components are not vulnerable to sulfidation.
Source: openaire · Quality: candidate unverified · Source record ↗
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Hydrogen embrittlement and corrosion behaviors in metals · Combustion and Detonation Processes · Thermal and Kinetic Analysis
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
References (82)
Show source-provided references
1. 2008
2. Corrosion failures in process industries in India: statistical analysis and typical case studies10.1515/CORRREV.2009.27.S1.37 ↗
3. Sulfidic corrosion in refineries – a review10.1515/CORRREV.2011.021 ↗
4. Review of recent progress in the study or corrosion products of steels in a hydrogen sulfide environment
5. Methodology for evaluation of corrosion damage during the combustion process in refinery and petrochemical industry. Case study: AISI 304 and ASTM A335 P5 steels
6. Evaluation of corrosion damage obtained during the combustion process in a boiler. Case study: ferritic ASTM A335 P91 steel
7. Evolution of phases in P91 steel in various heat treatment conditions and their effect on microstructure stability and mechanical properties10.1016/j.msea.2016.03.132 ↗
8. Effect of creep phenomena on room-temperature tensile properties of cast & forged P91 steel10.1016/j.engfailanal.2017.05.025 ↗
9. Effect of groove design and post-weld heat treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of P91 steel weld10.1007/s11665-016-2127-z ↗
10. Study of the continuous corrosion in an oxidation environment derived from the theoretical combustion products in a refinery. Case study: ferritic steel ASTM A335 P9110.1088/1742-6596/935/1/012057 ↗
11. A review of the oxidation behavior of structural alloys in steam10.1179/095066010X12646898728165 ↗
12. The oxidation behavior of metals and alloys at high temperatures in atmospheres containing water vapor: a review10.1016/j.pmatsci.2007.11.001 ↗
13. Enhanced oxidation of the 9%Cr steel P91 in water vapor containing environments10.1016/j.corsci.2006.02.002 ↗
14. Yttrium oxide evaluation as a coating to reduce the corrosion velocity in industrial equipment working under combustion environments. Case study: ferritic 9Cr-1Mo steel10.1088/1742-6596/1386/1/012091 ↗
15. Steam oxidation of ferritic steels – laboratory test kinetic data
16. Study of early P91 dual corrosion in steam and simulated combustion gases from a gas-fired boiler10.1016/j.jmrt.2021.04.071 ↗
17. Failure of 9Cr-1Mo tubes in a feed furnace of dehydrogenation unit10.1016/S0308-0161(97)00088-4 ↗
18. R. John, Sulfidation and mixed gas corrosion of alloys, in Shreir´s Corros., Shell Global Solutions, Houston, 2010: pp. 240–270. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-044452787-5.00014-7.10.1016/B978-044452787-5.00014-7 ↗
19. Failure analysis of gas-gas heater tubes for a flue gas desulfurization system10.1016/j.engfailanal.2020.104945 ↗
20. Corrosion mechanisms and materials selection for the construction of flue gas component in advanced heat and power systems10.1021/acs.iecr.7b03664 ↗
21. Microstructural investigation using advanced TEM techniques of inner oxide layers formed on T92 steel in oxyfuel environment10.1016/j.corsci.2018.12.008 ↗
22. Corrosion performance of Fe-based alloys in simulated oxy-fuel environment10.1007/s11663-016-0796-5 ↗
23. Corrosion behavior of candidate heat exchanger materials in oxidizing and reducing gases relevant to oxyfuel power plants10.1080/09603409.2017.1392113 ↗
24. Effect of sulphur on the oxidation behaviour of possible construction materials for heat exchangers in oxyfuel plants in the temperature range 550–700 °C10.1007/s11085-017-9809-2 ↗
25. High temperature oxidation behavior of 9–12 %Cr ferritic/martensitic steels in a simulated dry oxyfuel environment10.1007/s11085-014-9521-4 ↗
26. Mosquera-Feijoo · 2019
27. Corrosion of Fe–9Cr–(Mn, Si) alloys in CO2–H2O–SO2 gases10.1016/j.corsci.2015.05.040 ↗
28. Effect of SO2 on oxidation of metallic materials in CO2/H2O-rich gases relevant to oxyfuel environments10.1002/maco.201307306 ↗
29. Fireside corrosion during oxyfuel combustion considering various SO2 contents10.1016/j.egypro.2014.07.027 ↗
30. The influence of chromium on early high temperature corrosion of ferritic alloys under SO2 atmosphere
31. A µ-XANES study of the combined oxidation/sulfidation of Fe–Cr model alloys10.1002/maco.201810644 ↗
32. Real time observation of high temperature oxidation and sulfidation of Fe-Cr model alloys10.1002/maco.201709892 ↗
33. Real-time observation of high-temperature gas corrosion in dry and wet SO2 -containing atmosphere10.1007/s11837-019-03335-9 ↗
34. Mechanisms of simultaneous sulfidation and oxidation of Fe-Cr and Fe-Cr-Ni-alloys and the failure of protective chromia scales10.1016/0010-938X(90)90211-M ↗
35. Corrosion of Fe-9%Cr-1%Mo Steel at 600 and 700 °C in N2/(0.5, 2.5)%H2S-mixed Gas
36. The sulfidation behavior of several commercial ferritic and austenitic steels10.1023/A:1018818021754 ↗
37. The corrosion at 600°C of four 8–12 wt%Cr ferritic steels in chemically cycling oxidizing-sulfadizing gases starting with sulfidation
38. Simultaneous sulfidation/oxidation of ferritic steel under a simulated mixture of flue gas from an oil refinery10.1088/1742-6596/1708/1/012006 ↗
39. Corrosion of Fe- 2, 25 % Cr-1 % Mo steels at 600–800 °C in N2/H2O/H2S atmospheres10.1016/j.egypro.2011.12.1176 ↗
40. The reaction of nickel with SO2 + O2/SO3 at 500–900 °C10.1016/0010-938X(83)90082-3 ↗
41. High temperature oxidation of Fe-Cr alloys in atmospheres containing 2.0 % SO2 + 5.0 % O210.1016/j.corsci.2021.109481 ↗
42. Comparative oxidation behavior of Fe-9Cr steel in CO2 and H2O at 550 ºC: Detailed analysis of the inner oxide layer10.1016/j.corsci.2015.07.032 ↗
43. High temperature oxidation of 9 – 12 % Cr ferritic/martensitic steels under dual-environment conditions10.1080/1478422X.2017.1374049 ↗
44. Corrosion of pure in CO-CO2-SO2-N2 atmospheres10.1016/0010-938X(94)90004-3 ↗
45. Non-steady state carburisation of martensitic 9-12%Cr steels in CO2 rich gases at 550°C10.1016/j.corsci.2014.07.024 ↗
46. Study of continuous corrosion on ASTM A335 P91 steel in an environment of CO2-O2-N2-H2O derived from the theoretical combustion products of a mixture of refining gases at high temperatures
47. Corrosión a temperatura alta del acero ferrítico 9Cr-1Mo modificado P91, en atmósferas simuladas oxidantes-carburantes10.3989/revmetalm.1139 ↗
48. Impact of oxyfuel atmospheres H2O/CO2/O2 and H2O/CO2 on the oxidation of ferritic – martensitic and austenitic steels10.1016/j.corsci.2011.03.015 ↗
49. Effect of alloy composition and exposure conditions on the selective oxidation behavior of ferritic Fe-Cr and Fe-Cr -X alloys10.1007/s11085-010-9215-5 ↗
50. The effect of traces of SO2 on iron oxidation: a microstructural study10.1007/s11085-007-9051-4 ↗
51. Influence of SO2 on the oxidation of 304L steel in O2 + 40%H2O at 600 °C10.1007/s11085-008-9096-z ↗
52. Impact of oxyfuel atmospheres H2O/CO2/O2 and H2O/CO2 on the oxidation of ferritic – martensitic and austenitic steels10.1016/j.corsci.2011.03.015 ↗
53. Efecto de la composición del gas de refinería sobre las características del proceso de combustión10.22395/rium.v12n23a8 ↗
54. Metso:Outotec, HSC Chemistry 9, (2020). https://www.hsc-chemistry.com/. (Accessed 15 December 2020).10.1016/S1359-6128(20)30329-3 ↗
55. Determination of corrosion products for steam and flue gas injection environments using thermodynamic simulation
56. Weldability investigation steel P91 by weld thermal cycle simulation
57. Comparative DSC study on thermal decomposition of iron sulfates10.1007/s10973-008-9302-x ↗
58. Review of sulfuric acid decomposition processes for sulfur-based thermochemical hydrogen production cycles10.3390/pr8111383 ↗
59. NACE International, NACE Standard RP0775: Preparation, Installation, Analysis, and Interpretation of Corrosion Coupons in Oilfield Operations, Houston, 2018. https://store.nace.org/sp0775–2013-formerly-rp0775–2.
60. Ennis · 2008
61. Continuous and cyclic oxidation of T91 ferritic steel under steam10.1016/S0010-938X(03)00173-2 ↗
62. B.W. Roberts, R.W. Swindeman, P.J. Maziasz, I.G. Wright, TVA experience in the application of 9Cr–1Mo–0.2V–Cb (Grade 91) steel, in EPRI Conf. 9Cr Mater. Fabr. Join. Technol., Myrtle Beach-South Carolina, 2001.
63. F.V. Ellis, J.F. Henry, B.W. Roberts, Welding, fabrication, and service experience with modified 9Cr–1Mo steel. In: New Alloys for Pressure Vessels and Piping, PVP, Am. Soc. Mech. Eng. 201 (1990) 55–63.
64. J. Armitt, R. Holmes, M.I. Manning, D.B. Meadowcroft, E. Metcalfe, The Spalling of Steam-Grown Oxide From Superheater and Reheater Tube Steels, Palo Alto-California, 1978. https://doi.org/10.2172/5047517.10.2172/5047517 ↗
65. Issues in replacing Cr-Mo steels and stainless steels with 9Cr-1Mo-V steel10.1016/j.ijpvp.2003.12.009 ↗
66. A model for mild steel oxidation in CO210.1007/BF00610578 ↗
67. Scale formation mechanisms of martensitic steels in high CO2/H2O-containing gases simulating oxyfuel environments10.3184/096034009X438185 ↗
68. Oxidation in steam and steam/hydrogen environments
69. Young · 2008
70. Study of oxyhydroxides formation on P91 ferritic steel and CVD-FBR coated by Al in contact with Ar + 40% H2O at 650 °C by TG-mass spectrometry10.1016/j.surfcoat.2006.11.029 ↗
71. Study by means of the mass spectrometry of volatile species in the oxidation of Cr, Cr2O3, Al, Al2O3, Si, SiO2, Fe and ferritic/martensitic steel samples at 923 K in Ar+(10 to 80%)H2O vapor atmosphere for new-materials design10.1007/s11085-006-9031-0 ↗
72. Predicting oxide stability in high-temperature water vapor10.1007/s11837-006-0063-3 ↗
73. Michalik · 2007
74. Einfluss von wasserdampf und kohlendioxyd auf die oxydation von eisen in sauerstoff bei hohen temperaturen10.1016/S0010-938X(65)90500-7 ↗
75. The mechanism of corrosion of Fe-9%Cr alloys in carbon dioxide10.1007/BF00603476 ↗
76. Carburisation of ferritic Fe-Cr alloys by low carbon activity gases10.1016/j.corsci.2011.05.013 ↗
77. Generalized molybdenum oxide surface chemical state XPS determination via informed amorphous sample model10.1016/j.apsusc.2014.11.077 ↗
78. Evaluation of cyclic corrosion on ASTM A335 P92 steel exposed to a combustion atmosphere in a horizontal boiler
79. Evolution of surface chemistry and morphology of oxide scale formed during initial stage oxidation of modified 9Cr – 1Mo steel10.1016/j.corsci.2013.10.026 ↗
80. Composition assessment of ferric oxide by accurate peak fitting of the Fe 2p photoemission spectrum10.1002/sia.6124 ↗
81. Comparative XPS study between experimentally and naturally weathered pyrites10.1016/j.apsusc.2009.06.028 ↗
82. Gas phase analysis of CO interactions with solid surfaces at high temperatures10.1016/j.apsusc.2004.04.001 ↗