Influence of microstructure on the corrosion of archaeological iron observed using 3D synchrotron micro-tomography
Source abstract
Abstract
A combination of X-ray analytical techniques has been used to study the microstructure and corrosion of a 450-year-old cast-iron cannonball fragment from the Mary Rose shipwreck. Using a 3D approach, it has been shown that akaganeite, β-FeO(OH, Cl), starts to appear ˜1.5 mm below the outer surface of the object, occurring selectively around non-contiguous graphite flakes in the microstructure, with no corrosion in graphite-free regions. This spatial analysis has given a new look inside a 450-year-old system, to see how metallographic features interact with local chemical environments to give complex corrosion products, centuries in the making.
Source: openaire · Quality: candidate unverified · Source record ↗
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Hydrogen embrittlement and corrosion behaviors in metals · Metallurgy and Cultural Artifacts · Corrosion Behavior and Inhibition
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
References (60)
Show source-provided references
1. Mechanisms of long-term anaerobic corrosion of iron archaeological artefacts in seawater10.1016/j.corsci.2009.08.022 ↗
2. Casting techniques of cannonballs from the Akko 1 shipwreck: archaeometallurgical investigation10.2298/JMMB120216022C ↗
3. Characterization of a historical cannonball from the fortress of San Juan de ulúa exposed to a marine environment10.1111/arcm.12194 ↗
4. On the corrosion resistance of the Delhi iron pillar10.1016/S0010-938X(00)00046-9 ↗
5. Why stainless steel corrodes10.1038/415770a ↗
6. Passive films on stainless steels – chemistry, structure and growth10.1016/S0013-4686(02)00841-1 ↗
7. Pleiner · 2000
8. Crucible steel: liquid iron in the ancient world
9. Conservation of metals
10. Rimmer · 2013
11. The impact of chloride desalination on the corrosion rate of archaeological iron
12. Washing methods for chloride removal from marine Iron artifacts10.1179/sic.1978.023 ↗
13. The corrosion of archaeological iron during burial and treatment10.1179/sic.1985.30.1.13 ↗
14. A synchrotron-based study of the mary rose iron cannonballs10.1002/anie.201713120 ↗
15. Illuminating the past: X-ray analysis of our cultural heritage10.1038/s41578-018-0037-4 ↗
16. Raman imaging of ancient rust scales on archaeological iron artefacts for long-term atmospheric corrosion mechanisms study10.1002/jrs.1581 ↗
17. Advances in understanding atmospheric corrosion of iron. I. Rust characterisation of ancient ferrous artefacts exposed to indoor atmospheric corrosion10.1016/j.corsci.2003.09.027 ↗
18. Long-term atmospheric corrosion of mild steel10.1016/j.corsci.2010.10.007 ↗
19. Degradation mechanisms of reinforcing iron rebars in monuments: the role of multiscale porosity in the formation of corrosion products investigated by X- ray tomography10.1039/C4JA00388H ↗
20. Quantitative X-ray tomography10.1179/1743280413Y.0000000023 ↗
21. In situ microfocus chemical computed tomography of the composition of a single catalyst particle during hydrogenation of nitrobenzene in the liquid phase10.1002/anie.201504227 ↗
22. The use of neutron analysis techniques for detecting the concentration and distribution of chloride ions in archaeological Iron10.1111/arcm.12058 ↗
23. X-ray sub-micron tomography as a tool for the study of archaeological wood preserved through the corrosion of metal objects10.1111/j.1475-4754.2011.00640.x ↗
24. X-ray tomography of a soil block: a useful tool for the restoration of archaeological finds10.1186/s40494-015-0033-6 ↗
25. Non-destructive investigation of a scalenohedral hematite pendant from Bahrain, c.1800 bc10.1111/arcm.12088 ↗
26. In situ synchrotron X-ray micro-tomography study of pitting corrosion in stainless steel10.1016/j.corsci.2011.05.040 ↗
27. Correlative tomography10.1038/srep04711 ↗
28. Analysis of a prehistoric Egyptian iron bead with implications for the use and perception of meteorite iron in ancient Egypt10.1111/maps.12120 ↗
29. Materials Characterization Application of X-ray computed tomography for the characterization of graphite morphology in compact-graphite iron⋆10.1016/j.matchar.2016.08.007 ↗
30. Science and civilisation in China
31. Cleere · 1995
32. Schubert · 1957
33. Starley · 2002 · Vol. 7 · 139
34. Hildred · 2011
35. Overview of archaeological iron: the corrosion problem, key factors affecting treatment, and gaps in current knowledge
36. Testing Hostacor IT as a corrosion inhibitor for iron in polyethylene glycol solutions10.1179/sic.1999.44.1.49 ↗
37. Models for chloride ion diffusion in archaeological iron10.1080/00393630.2001.12071698 ↗
38. Alkaline sulfite reduction treatment of marine iron
39. I12: the Joint Engineering, Environment and Processing (JEEP) beamline at Diamond Light Source10.1107/S1600577515003513 ↗
40. A high-throughput system for high-quality tomographic reconstruction of large datasets at Diamond Light Source10.1098/rsta.2014.0398 ↗
41. Fiji: an open-source platform for biological-image analysis10.1038/nmeth.2019 ↗
42. Drishti: a volume exploration and presentation tool
43. Beamline I11 at Diamond: a new instrument for high resolution powder diffraction10.1063/1.3167217 ↗
44. QUALX2.0: a qualitative phase analysis software using the freely available database POW-COD10.1107/S1600576715002319 ↗
45. The reference intensity ratio, I / I c, for computer simulated powder patterns10.1107/S0021889876010807 ↗
46. Tylecote · 1962
47. Fontana · 1986
48. Handbook · 1992 · Volume 15
49. Handbook · 1992 · Volume 13
50. Jones · 1992
51. Graphitic corrosion – don’t forget about buried cast iron pipes
52. Mechanism of gray cast Iron corrosion
53. Impact of graphite gasket / duplex stainless steel couples on crevice chemistry and the likelihood of crevice attack in seawater10.5006/1.3283981 ↗
54. Unveiling the effect of the electrodes area on the corrosion mechanism of a graphite - AA2024-T3 galvanic couple by localised electrochemistry10.1016/j.electacta.2018.04.187 ↗
55. The role of corrosion product deposition in galvanic corrosion of aluminum / carbon systems10.1016/j.corsci.2016.10.011 ↗
56. Corrosion of 316L stainless steel alloy and Hastelloy-N superalloy in molten eutectic LiF-NaF- KF salt and interaction with graphite10.13182/NT13-95 ↗
57. On the akaganéite crystal structure, phase transformations and possible role in post-excavational corrosion of iron artifacts10.1016/S0010-938X(03)00078-7 ↗
58. Cornell · 2003
59. Structural evidence for the desalination of akaganeite in the preservation of iron archaeological objects, using synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction and absorption spectroscopy10.1016/j.corsci.2009.07.012 ↗
60. Mechanisms of the dechlorination of iron archaeological artefacts extracted from seawater10.1016/j.corsci.2011.04.003 ↗