journal article·2012-05

Model for estimation of copper release to drinking water from copper pipes

Claes Taxén, María V. Letelier, Gustavo Lagos

Corrosion Science· Volume 58
Publisher page

Abstract

Abstract Modelling and prediction of the copper concentration released from copper plumbing tubes due to corrosion, dissolution, precipitation and other processes has not previously been successful. The model presented here is based on a set of dissolution and precipitation reactions, equilibrium between species in solution and solids, mass balance, kinetic expressions, adsorption isotherms, and surface area coverage by precipitates. The model developed has created two major outputs: first; it is the most conclusive collection of mechanistic considerations to date; and second; reasonable correlations between the model and actual data have been obtained for a broad range of waters.
Source: openaire · Quality: candidate unverified · Source record ↗

Research context

OpenAlex topics: Corrosion Behavior and Inhibition · Water Treatment and Disinfection · Environmental remediation with nanomaterials

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

References (70)

Show source-provided references
1. WHO, World Health Organization, Guidelines for drinking-water quality, Copper in drinking water, second ed., Geneva, 1998.
2. K. Nielsen, Copper release from pipes in high alkalinity water, Internal corrosion in water distribution System, Proceedings from an International Workshop and Seminar at Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden, May 22–24, 1995, pp. 207–217.
3. M.R. Schock, D.A. Lytle, J.A. Clement, Effect of pH, DIC, Orthophosphate and Sulphate on Drinking Water Cuprosolvency, EPA/600/R-95/085, US EPA, 1995.
4. PH and copper: corrosion by-products release10.1002/j.1551-8833.1996.tb06521.x ↗
5. Aging of copper pipes by drinking water10.1002/j.1551-8833.2001.tb09338.x ↗
6. Copper corrosion by-product release in long-term stagnation experiments10.1016/S0043-1354(01)00366-9 ↗
7. Influence of corrosion scales on copper corrosion by-product release10.2166/ws.2002.0129 ↗
8. Copper corrosion: understanding and modelling general corrosion10.2166/wst.2004.0090 ↗
9. NSF/ANSI 61–2007a, Drinking water system components health effects, NSF International, Michigan, 2007.
10. DIN 50931-1, German standard, Corrosion of Metals Corrosion Test on Drinking Water, Part 1 – Testing for changes in drinking water quality, Materials Testing Standards Committee (NMP) at DIN Deutsche Institut für Normung e.V. Water Standards Committee (NAW) at DIN, Berlin, 1999.
11. CiDS – a kinetic model to simulate the copper by-product release in drinking water system, annual conference proceedings
12. The effect of corrosion inhibitors in drinking water installations of copper10.1002/1521-4176(200208)53:8<560::AID-MACO560>3.0.CO;2-C ↗
13. Influence of decarbonisation and phosphate dosage on copper corrosion in drinking water systems10.1002/aheh.200300516 ↗
14. Copper corrosion in drinking water systems – effect of pH and phosphate-dosage
15. T. Merkel, Untersuchungen zu den chemischen reaktionen bei der flächenkorrosion des kupfers in trinkwasserinstallationen (Chemical reactions during general copper corrosion in drinking water instalations), PhD Thesis, University of Karlsruhe, Germany, 2003.
16. W. Werner, H. GroB, T. Merkel., E. Detscher, S. Herzog, S. Eberle, Influence of inorganic compounds and natural organic matter on the release of copper in drinking water installations, Giardini Naxos, Ceocor, 2003.
17. J. Dartmann, Einfluss von aufbereitungsmaBnahmen auf die kupferkorrosion in trinkwasserleitungen (Influence of the treatment on copper corrosion from drinking water copper pipes), PhD Thesis, Technischen Universität Hamburg-Harburg, Germany, 2005.
18. General corrosion of copper in domestic drinking water installations: scientific background and mechanistic understanding10.1179/174327806X94009 ↗
19. Corrosion in potable water systems, chapter 5 of corrosion in pipes
20. Copper corrosion III. Electrochemical theory of general corrosion10.1149/1.2425447 ↗
21. Copper corrosion I. Thermodynamic aspects10.1149/1.2425445 ↗
22. Copper corrosion IV. The effects of saline additions10.1149/1.2425448 ↗
23. Copper corrosion II kinetic studies10.1149/1.2425446 ↗
24. Pitting corrosion of copper tubes and carbon deposits10.1002/maco.19780290805 ↗
25. T.H. Merkel, Wieland Bench Scale Corrosion Test, WBSCT, a mobile test rig, Wieland-Werke AG, Germany.
26. M.V. Letelier, Envejecimiento de cañerías de cobre en contacto con agua potable (Aging of copper pipes in contact with drinking water), PhD thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 2003.
27. W. Werner, Internal corrosion in water distribution System. Uniform Copper Corrosion, Proceedings from an International Workshop and Seminar at Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden, 1995.
28. M.F. Obrecht, W.E. Sartor, J.M. Keyes, Integrated design of field test panel pilot unit for investigating pitting corrosion of copper water tube by potable water supplies, NACE Fouth International Congress on Metallic, Corrosion, 1972.
29. Copper plumbing surfaces: an electrochemical study10.1002/j.1551-8833.1989.tb03246.x ↗
30. The Corrosion of copper pipes in high chloride-low carbonate mains water10.1016/0010-938X(86)90068-5 ↗
31. Werner · 1992
32. Accelerated testing of copper corrosion10.1002/j.1551-8833.1993.tb06085.x ↗
33. The pitting corrosion of copper10.1002/j.1551-8833.1994.tb06226.x ↗
34. The role of pipe ageing in copper corrosion by-product release10.2166/ws.2001.0050 ↗
35. Copper corrosion in the Netherlands10.2166/ws.2001.0054 ↗
36. AWWA, Water Quality and Treatment, Chapter on Corrosion, Fifth Ed., McGraw-Hill Inc., New York, 1999.
37. C. Puigdomenech, C. Taxen, Thermodynamic data for copper: Implications for the corrosion of copper under repository conditions, Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Co, 2000.
38. Corrosion measurements by titration (CMT): copper, Sn–Zn alloy and aluminium10.1016/0010-938X(93)90100-U ↗
39. Oxidation of copper (I) in seawater10.1021/es00172a004 ↗
40. Corrosion and leaching of copper tubing exposed to chlorinated drinking water10.1023/A:1005060206953 ↗
41. Enhanced copper release from pipes by alternating stagnation and flow events10.1021/es071079b ↗
42. Stumm · 1996
43. Schindler · 1967
44. Theory of the electrolyte crystal growth: the parabolic rate law10.1351/pac198153112025 ↗
45. D.A. Lytle, M.R. Schock, Impact of stagnation time on the dissolution of metal from plumbing materials, Proceedings of the American Water Works Association, Annual Conference, Atlanta, Georgia, 15–19 de Junio de1997.
46. A new kinetic approach to modeling water-rock interaction: the role of nucleation, precursors, and Ostwald ripening10.1016/0016-7037(90)90003-4 ↗
47. Electrolyte crystal growth mechanisms10.1016/0022-0248(84)90189-1 ↗
48. A. Nielsen, Mechanisms and rate laws in electrolyte crystal growth from aqueous solution, In Geochemical Processes at Mineral Surfaces, in: J.A. Davis, K.F. Hayes (Eds.), American Chemical Society Symposium, Series 323, 1986, pp. 600–614.10.1021/bk-1987-0323.ch029 ↗
49. Grenthe · 1997
50. E.L. Cussler, Diffusion Mass Transfer in Fluid Systems, Cambridge University Press, 1984.
51. Lide · 1990
52. Newman · 1991
53. Stevenson · 1994
54. Measurement of complexation properties of humic and fulvic acids in natural waters with lead and copper ion selective electrodes10.1021/ac50010a012 ↗
55. Copper binding by dissolved organic matter: I. Suwanee river fulvic acid equilibria10.1016/0016-7037(88)90066-X ↗
56. Humic acid complexation of calcium and copper10.1021/es00175a018 ↗
57. Corrosion of copper by water of various temperatures and carbon dioxide contents10.1002/maco.19770281102 ↗
58. Corrosion and corrosion prevention in distribution system
59. Copper corrosion in potable water systems: impacts of natural organic matter and water treatment processes10.5006/1.3293642 ↗
60. E. A. Broo, B. Berghult, T. Hedberg, Drinking Water Distribution – the Effect of Natural Organic Matter (NOM) on the corrosion of iron and copper, Water Sci. Technol. (1999) 17–24.10.2166/wst.1999.0432 ↗
61. Influence of NOM on copper corrosion10.1002/j.1551-8833.1996.tb06583.x ↗
62. D. Hongve, E. ndruchow, Cuprosolvency in soft drinking water controlled by alkalinity and pH, Proceed. International Seminar, Chalmers University of Technology, Goteborg, Sweden (1995) 197–205.
63. Influence of natural organic matter (NOM) on copper corrosion in tap water systems
64. D. M. Dodrill, L. Hidmi, M. Edwards, Role of inhibitors, chloride to sulfate ratios and color in lead and copper corrosion by-product release, in: Proceedings of the Toronto AWWA National Conference, American Water Works Association, Denver, CO., 1996, pp. 19–731.
65. Copper corrosion in water distribution systems – the influence of natural organic matter (NOM) on the solubility of copper corrosion products10.1016/S0010-938X(98)00059-6 ↗
66. Organic matter and copper corrosion by-products release: a mechanistic study10.1016/S0010-938X(00)00071-8 ↗
67. Role of temperature, chlorine, and organic matter in copper corrosion by-product release in soft water10.1016/S0043-1354(00)00320-1 ↗
68. WHAM-A, chemical equilibrium model and computer code for waters, sediments, and soils incorporating a discrete site electrostatic model of ion-binding by humic substances10.1016/0098-3004(94)90038-8 ↗
69. G. Lagos, M.V. Letelier, Models to assess exposure to copper and its effects on humans, Chilean Research Agency CORFO (05CN11-IXM-19 project), Chile, 2007.
70. M. Sparr, C. Taxén, Rig Testing of Copper in Stockholm Water, Swerea-KIMAB report. Report number: KIMAB-2009-539, 2009.