Long-term alteration processes of iron fasteners extracted from archaeological shipwrecks aged in biologically active waterlogged media
Source abstract
Abstract
Abstract Waterlogged woods and iron reinforcements extracted from archaeological shipwrecks were studied. The corrosion mechanisms of the reinforcements were investigated by analyzing the corrosion products using a multi-technique approach. The woods contained pyrite and greigite. The reinforcements showing different degradation states were corroded into siderite, chukanovite, mackinawite, pyrite and greigite. Then, two half-nails were soaked in neutral and acidic Na2S solutions. Mackinawite precipitated only in neutral conditions. Through this study, the natural mackinawite-to-pyrite evolution process induced by a long-term exposure to sulfides is highlighted. This work also shows that iron sulfides can result from complex processes implying other sulfide-sensitive phases.
Source: openaire · Quality: candidate unverified · Source record ↗
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Corrosion Behavior and Inhibition · Maritime and Coastal Archaeology · Cultural Heritage Materials Analysis
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
References (47)
Show source-provided references
1. Degradation of archaeological timbers by pyrite: oxidation of iron and Sulphur species
2. Acidity and salt precipitation on the vasa; the sulfur problem
3. Deterioration of the seventeenth-century warship vasa by internal formation of sulphuric acid10.1038/415893a ↗
4. Biofouling and microbiologically induced corrosion10.1016/0964-8305(92)90044-O ↗
5. Corrosion of mild steel under anaerobic biofilm10.5006/1.3316040 ↗
6. Microbially sustained pitting corrosion of 304 stainless steel in anaerobic seawater10.1016/0010-938X(95)00016-D ↗
7. Understanding microbially influenced corrosion as biofilm-mediated changes in surface chemistry10.1016/S0958-1669(99)80047-0 ↗
8. Rôle des bactéries sulfurogènes dans la corrosion du fer10.2516/ogst:1999054 ↗
9. Biocorrosion: Towards Understanding Interactions Between Biofilms and Metals10.1016/j.copbio.2004.05.001 ↗
10. Little · 2007
11. The composition of nanoparticulate mackinawite, tetragonal iron(II) monosulfide10.1016/j.chemgeo.2006.07.004 ↗
12. Chemistry of Iron sulfides10.1021/cr0503658 ↗
13. Roth · 1993 · 367
14. Formation processes of framboidal pyrite10.1016/S0016-7037(96)00320-1 ↗
15. Reaction pathways in the Fe-S system below 100°C10.1016/S0009-2541(99)00198-9 ↗
16. Greigite: a true intermediate on the polysulfide pathway to pyrite10.1186/1467-4866-8-1 ↗
17. The transformation of mackinawite into greigite studied by Raman spectroscopy10.1002/jrs.2729 ↗
18. Kinetics and mechanism of the sulfidation of goethite10.2475/ajs.274.8.941 ↗
19. Reductive dissolution of iron(III) (hydr)oxides by hydrogen sulfide10.1021/la00042a030 ↗
20. Sulfide oxidation and iron dissolution kinetics during the reaction of dissolved sulfide with ferrihydrite10.1016/S0009-2541(03)00237-7 ↗
21. A revised scheme for the reactivity of iron (oxyhydr)oxide minerals towards dissolved sulfide10.1016/j.gca.2004.03.012 ↗
22. Interactions between sulphide species and components of rust
23. Role of previously formed corrosion layers on sulfide-assisted corrosion of iron archaeological artefacts in soil10.1016/j.corsci.2017.10.011 ↗
24. Study of Fe(II) sulfides in waterlogged archaeological wood10.1179/2047058412Y.0000000071 ↗
25. Contribution of magnetic measurement methods to the analysis of iron sulfides in archaeological waterlogged wood-iron assemblies10.1016/j.microc.2019.04.062 ↗
26. Post-treatment study of iron/sulfur-containing compounds in the Wreck of Lyon Saint-Georges 4 (Second Century ACE)10.1080/00393630.2019.1610608 ↗
27. A geo-archaeological research about the Roman harbours of Narbonne: earth and underwater survey and GIS
28. Le système portuaire de Narbonne antique : approche géoarchéologique
29. Prospections géophysiques multi-méthodes de structures portuaires antiques à Narbonne (Aude, France)10.4000/archeosciences.4732 ↗
30. Évolution d’un bord de Saône de l’Antiquité à nos jours : la fouille du Parc Saint-Georges, Bilan préliminaire
31. Premiers résultats de la fouille de l’épave antique n°2 de Courbiac (Saintes-Fontcouverte, 17100)
32. Electrochemical formation and transformation of corrosion products on carbon steel under cathodic protection in seawater10.1016/j.corsci.2013.01.042 ↗
33. Localized corrosion of carbon steel in marine media: galvanic coupling and heterogeneity of the corrosion product layer10.1016/j.corsci.2016.05.043 ↗
34. Corrosion of carbon steel at the mud zone/seawater interface: mechanisms and kinetics10.1016/j.corsci.2017.10.016 ↗
35. Galvanic corrosion in marine environments: effects associated with the inversion of polarity of Zn/carbon steel couples10.1002/maco.201810568 ↗
36. Metallurgical and electrochemical properties of super duplex stainless steel clads on low carbon steel substrate produced with laser powder bed fusion10.1038/s41598-020-67249-2 ↗
37. A comparative study on intrinsic mobility of incoherent and semicoherent interfaces during the austenite to ferrite transformation10.1016/j.scriptamat.2020.07.007 ↗
38. Localised corrosion of carbon steel in NaHCO3/NaCl electrolytes: Role of Fe(II)-containing compounds10.1016/j.corsci.2005.02.016 ↗
39. Corrosion of steel in carbonated media: the oxidation processes of chukanovite (Fe2(OH)2CO3)10.1016/j.corsci.2014.04.004 ↗
40. Oxidation of chukanovite (Fe2(OH)2CO3): Influence of the concentration ratios of reactants10.1016/j.corsci.2015.06.002 ↗
41. Buried iron archaeological artefacts: corrosion mechanisms related to the presence of Cl-containing phases10.1016/j.corsci.2006.11.009 ↗
42. Characterisation of mackinawite by Raman spectroscopy: effects of crystallisation, drying and oxidation10.1016/j.corsci.2008.08.041 ↗
43. The solubility of iron sulphides in synthetic and natural waters at ambient temperature10.1007/BF00877139 ↗
44. The solubility of FeS10.1016/j.gca.2006.02.029 ↗
45. Surface chemistry and structural properties of mackinawite prepared by reaction of sulfide ions with metallic iron10.1016/S0016-7037(01)00805-5 ↗
46. Transformation of mackinawite to greigite: an in situ X-ray powder diffraction and transmission electron microscope study10.2138/am-1997-3-408 ↗
47. Study of iron sulphides in long-term iron corrosion, processes: characterisations of archaeological artefacts10.1016/j.corsci.2016.07.022 ↗