Multi-modal analysis of oxidation on Fe-Cr-Ni austenitic stainless steel 304 exposed to beyond-design basis temperatures
Source abstract
Abstract
Stainless Steel 304 is being investigated for accident tolerant claddings. In this investigation, we use multi-modal characterization to evaluate oxidation under laboratory air versus 100% steam at 1200 ºC for 2 h. Air oxidation features Fe(NiMn)O 4, Fe 3O 4, Fe (3−x)Cr xO 4, and Cr 2O 3. Steam oxidation produces a dual layer, containing Fe 2O 3-enriched porous outer layer and sub-surface matrix of Fe 3O 4/Fe (3−x)Cr xO 4 with SiO 2/Fe (3−x)Si xO 4 . From these findings, we postulate the oxidation mechanism. Arrangement of oxidation products in air corroborates with anticipated diffusion behavior, except Cr 2O 3. However, arrangement in steam deviates due to presumably intergranular interactions with H 2O, resulting in the sub-surface matrix.
Source: expertdata · Quality: candidate unverified · Source record ↗
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Nuclear Materials and Properties · High-Temperature Coating Behaviors · High Temperature Alloys and Creep
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
References (46)
Show source-provided references
1. American Nuclear Society, Fukushima Daiichi: ANS Committee Report, LaGrange Park, IL, 2012.
2. Selection of fuel cladding material for nuclear fission reactors10.1016/j.engfailanal.2011.06.010 ↗
3. Accident tolerant fuel cladding development: promise, status, and challenges10.1016/j.jnucmat.2017.12.043 ↗
4. Oxidation of AISI 304 and AISI 439 stainless steels10.1016/j.msea.2006.10.022 ↗
5. Si-rich phases and their distributions in the oxide scale formed on 304 stainless steel at high temperatures10.1016/j.jnucmat.2018.05.018 ↗
6. H. Brassfield, J. White, L. Sjodahl, J. Bittel, Recommended Property and Reaction Kinetics Data for Use in Evaluating a Light-Water-Cooled Reactor Loss-of-Coolant Incident, Cincinnati, OH, 1968.10.2172/4521035 ↗
7. Comparative study of high temperature oxidation behaviour in AISI 304 and AISI 439 stainless steels10.1590/S1516-14392003000200012 ↗
8. Characterization of the oxides formed at 1000 °C on the AISI 304 stainless steel by X-ray diffraction and infrared spectroscopy10.1016/j.apsusc.2007.09.018 ↗
9. Manganese effect on isothermal high temperature oxidation behaviour of AISI 304 stainless steel
10. Impact of structure and morphology of nanostructured ceria coating on AISI 304 oxidation kinetics10.1016/j.apsusc.2017.03.128 ↗
11. The influence of alloying elements on the development and maintenance of protective scales10.1007/BF01046725 ↗
12. Oxidation of 304L stainless steel by steam and by air10.5006/0010-9312-25.1.7 ↗
13. Oxidation of 304 stainless steel in high-temperature steam10.1016/0022-3115(86)90198-4 ↗
14. R.B. Rebak, R.J. Blair, P.J. Martiniano, F. Wagenbaugh, E.J. Dolley, Resistance of advanced steels to reaction with high temperature steam as accident tolerant fuel cladding materials, in: Corrosion 2014, NACE International, 2014: p. 14.10.5006/C2014-3924 ↗
15. Alloy selection for accident tolerant fuel cladding in commercial light water reactors
16. Steam oxidation evaluation of Fe–Cr alloys for accident tolerant nuclear fuel cladding10.1007/s11085-017-9754-0 ↗
17. Characterization of Kanthal APMT and T91 oxidation at beyond design-basis accident temperatures10.1016/j.corsci.2020.108598 ↗
18. A review of the oxidation behaviour of structural alloys in steam10.1179/095066010X12646898728165 ↗
19. Analysis of inconel 600 oxidized under loss-of-coolant accident conditions: a multi-modal approach10.1016/j.corsci.2021.109950 ↗
20. to ImageJ: 25 years of image analysis HISTORICAL commentary NIH Image to ImageJ: 25 years of image analysis10.1038/nmeth.2089 ↗
21. T.M. Devine, Use of Raman spectroscopy in corrosion science and engineering, in: Proceedings of CORROSION / Research Topical Symposia: Part I Advanced Monitoring and Analytical Techniques, NACE International, New Orleans, LA, 1997, pp. 131–162.
22. Lafuente B · 2015
23. Synchrotron X-ray and neutron diffraction studies in solid-state chemistry10.1002/anie.199215571 ↗
24. S. Kabekkoudu, PDF-4+ 2018, (2018).
25. Cverna · 2006
26. ASTM International, SAE International, Metals and Alloys in the Unified Numbering System (11th Edition), ASTM International, 2008.
27. Synthesis and microstructure of the (Co,Cr,Fe,Mn,Ni)3O4 high entropy oxide characterized by spinel structure10.1016/j.matlet.2017.12.148 ↗
28. Raman study of the systems Fe3-xCrxO4 and Fe2-xCrxO310.1016/0022-4596(89)90245-4 ↗
29. Kofstad · 1967
30. Birks · 2006
31. Reducibility of oxides and sulphides in metallurgical processes
32. Young · 2016
33. High-temperature materials chemistry and thermodynamics
34. The mechanism of high temperature aqueous corrosion of stainless steels10.1016/0010-938X(91)90125-9 ↗
35. High-temperature oxidation of alloys10.1007/BF00603581 ↗
36. Yttrium implantation effect on 304L stainless steel high temperature oxidation at 1000°C10.1023/A:1019667825476 ↗
37. High temperature oxidation of Fe–Cr alloy in O2–H2–H2O atmospheres; microstructure and kinetics10.1016/S0921-5093(03)00527-6 ↗
38. Uphill diffusion in multicomponent mixtures10.1039/C4CS00440J ↗
39. Diffusing uphill with James Clerk Maxwell and Josef Stefan10.1016/j.coche.2016.04.003 ↗
40. The high temperature oxidation of metals
41. Thermodynamic assessment of uo2 pellet oxidation in mixture atmospheres under spent fuel pool accident10.4236/wjnst.2015.52009 ↗
42. Young · 2016
43. Norby · 1987
44. Protonic defects in oxides and their possible role in high temperature oxidation
45. Hydrogen in chromium: influence on the high-temperature oxidation kinetics in O2, oxide-growth mechanisms, and scale adherence10.1023/A:1018866505708 ↗
46. The oxidation behaviour of metals and alloys at high temperatures in atmospheres containing water vapour: a review10.1016/j.pmatsci.2007.11.001 ↗