journal article·2023-07Open access

Localized and stress corrosion cracking of sensitized Al-Mg-Sc-Zr alloy manufactured by laser powder bed fusion

Leticia Cabrera-Correa, Leandro González-Rovira, Adrián Ojeda-López, Juan de Dios López-Castro, F. Javier Botana

Corrosion Science· Volume 218

Abstract

The effect of thermal ageing at 150 ºC on the corrosion behaviour of Scalmalloy® (Al-Mg-Sc-Zr) alloy additively manufactured by laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) is reported for the first time. Samples before and after the thermal treatment exhibit similar results on cyclic polarisation curves, electrochemical impedance measurements in 3.5 wt% NaCl, and tensile and hardness tests. However, electron microscopy characterisation reveals that the application of this temperature for sufficient time causes most of the grain limits to be decorated by Al3Mg2 particles which in turn provokes the sensitization of the alloy to intergranular corrosion processes due to microgalvanic coupling.
Source: openalex_inverted_index · Quality: baseline

Research context

OpenAlex topics: Additive Manufacturing Materials and Processes · Aluminum Alloy Microstructure Properties · High Entropy Alloys Studies

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

References (88)

Show source-provided references
1. New aluminum alloys specifically designed for laser powder bed fusion: a review10.3390/ma12071007 ↗
2. 3D printing of high-strength aluminium alloys10.1038/nature23894 ↗
3. Review of high-strength aluminium alloys for additive manufacturing by laser powder bed fusion10.1016/j.matdes.2022.110779 ↗
4. Cracking criterion for high strength Al–Cu alloys fabricated by selective laser melting
5. Elimination of extraordinarily high cracking susceptibility of aluminum alloy fabricated by laser powder bed fusion10.1016/j.jmst.2021.06.023 ↗
6. Multi-scale defects in powder-based additively manufactured metals and alloys10.1016/j.jmst.2022.02.015 ↗
7. Spierings · Powder Spread Charact. Sc. - Zr-Modif. Alum. Alloy. Process. Sel. Laser Melting · 2018
8. Process and mechanical properties: applicability of a scandium modified Al-alloy for laser additive manufacturing10.1016/j.phpro.2011.03.047 ↗
9. Comparison of microstructure and mechanical properties of Scalmalloy® produced by selective laser melting and laser metal deposition10.3390/ma11010017 ↗
10. Microstructural features of Sc- and Zr-modified Al-Mg alloys processed by selective laser melting10.1016/j.matdes.2016.11.040 ↗
11. Synthesis of precipitation-strengthened Al-Sc, Al-Zr and Al-Sc-Zr alloys via selective laser melting of elemental powder blends
12. SLM-processed Sc- and Zr- modified Al-Mg alloy: Mechanical properties and microstructural effects of heat treatment10.1016/j.msea.2017.06.089 ↗
13. Influence of LPBF-surface characteristics on fatigue properties of Scalmalloy®10.3390/met11121961 ↗
14. Effect of heat treatments on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Al-Mg-Sc-Zr alloy fabricated by selective laser melting
15. Observations on comparable aluminium alloy crack growth curves: additively manufactured Scalmalloy® as an alternative to AA5754 and AA6061-T6 alloys
16. Influence of SLM scan-speed on microstructure, precipitation of Al3Sc particles and mechanical properties in Sc- and Zr-modified Al-Mg alloys10.1016/j.matdes.2017.11.053 ↗
17. Processing of Al-Sc aluminum alloy using SLM technology10.1016/j.procir.2018.08.027 ↗
18. On the processability and mechanical behavior of Al–Mg–Sc alloy for PBF-LB10.1007/s40964-021-00216-z ↗
19. Effect of the heat treatment on the mechanical properties and microstructure of Scalmalloy® manufactured by Selective Laser Melting (SLM) under certified conditions
20. S. Begoc, F. Montredon, G. Pommatau, G. Leger, M. Gas, Additive manufacturing of Scalmalloy ® satellite parts, 8Th European Conference for Aeronautics and Space Sciences (Eucass). (2019) 1–15. https://doi.org/10.13009/EUCASS2019–677.
21. C. Digital, This company wants to electrify the world of drag racing, Create. (2018) (Acces 01/12/2022). 〈https://createdigital.org.au/company-electrify-world-drag-racing/〉.
22. I.M.B., New M.T.B. Frame – Ligther Than Titanium, Less Fragile Than Carbon, (2017) Access 01/12/2022. 〈https://www.imbikemag.com/mountain-bike-news/2017/06/new-mtb-frame-ligther-than-titanium-less-fragile-than-carbon/〉.
23. Fabrication of water- and ice-repellent surfaces on additive-manufactured components using laser-based microstructuring methods10.1002/adem.202101624 ↗
24. Additive manufacturing for the optimization of satellite horizon sensors
25. Pitting and intergranular corrosion of Scalmalloy® aluminium alloy additively manufactured by Selective Laser Melting (SLM)
26. ASTM G67-04 Standard Test Method for Determining the Susceptibility to Intergranular Corrosion of 5XXX Series Aluminum Alloys by Mass Loss After Exposure to Nitric Acid ( NAMLT Test ). http://doi.org/10.1520/G0067-04.10.1520/G0067-04 ↗
27. Intergranular to intragranular pitting corrosion transition mechanism of sensitized aa5083 at 150°c
28. Stress corrosion cracking susceptibility of ultrafine grained Al-Mg-Sc alloy10.1016/j.msea.2012.11.066 ↗
29. Stress corrosion cracking of Al-Mg alloy 5083 sensitized at low temperature10.5006/1766 ↗
30. Enhancement of the stress corrosion sensitivity of AA5083 by heat treatment10.1007/s11661-010-0375-3 ↗
31. Stress corrosion cracking of sensitized AA5083 (Al-4.5Mg-1.0Mn)10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.396-402.1437 ↗
32. Experiment-based modelling of grain boundary β-phase (Mg2Al3) evolution during sensitisation of aluminium alloy AA5083
33. Precipitation behavior of the β phase in Al-508310.1016/j.msea.2009.10.007 ↗
34. Study of β precipitation and layer structure formation in Al 5083: The role of dispersoids and grain boundaries10.1016/j.jallcom.2017.01.360 ↗
35. Improved intergranular corrosion resistance of Al-Mg-Mn alloys with Sc and Zr additions
36. The influence of Sc and Zr additions on microstructure and corrosion behavior of AA5182 alloy sheet10.1016/j.corsci.2022.110181 ↗
37. ASTM E8/E8M standard test methods for tension testing of metallic materials.http://doi.org/10.1520/E0008_E0008M-22.10.1520/E0008_E0008M-22 ↗
38. ASTM E384 Standard test method for microindentation hardness of materials.http://doi.org/10.1520/E0384-22.10.1520/E0384-22 ↗
39. ASTM G47-98Standard Test Method for Determining Susceptibility to Stress-Corrosion Cracking of 2xxx and 7xxx Aluminium Alloy Products.http://doi.org/10.1520/G0047-98.10.1520/G0047-98 ↗
40. Microstructure evolution and mechanical property response of 3D-printed scalmalloy with different heat-treatment times at 325◦C10.3390/met11040555 ↗
41. Dynamic fracture behavior of additively manufactured Scalmalloy®: Effects of build orientation, heat-treatment and loading-rate10.1016/j.msea.2021.141978 ↗
42. Anisotropic corrosion behavior of Sc and Zr modified Al-Mg alloy produced by selective laser melting10.1016/j.corsci.2020.108657 ↗
43. Selective laser melting of a novel Sc and Zr modified Al-6.2 Mg alloy: Processing, microstructure, and properties10.1016/j.powtec.2017.06.050 ↗
44. Chapter 12: Aluminium Scandium Alloys
45. Characterizing and modeling the precipitation of Mg-rich phases in Al 5xxx alloys aged at low temperatures10.1016/j.jmst.2017.02.001 ↗
46. Direct measurement of the effect of cold rolling on β phase precipitation kinetics in 5xxx series aluminum alloys10.1016/j.actamat.2016.10.060 ↗
47. Transmission electron microscopy study of microstructure evolution of Al-Mg-Sc alloy after annealing at 120◦C10.12693/APhysPolA.134.871 ↗
48. J. Buczynski Electrochemical Analyses of Etchants Used to Detect Sensitization in Marine-Grade 5XXX Aluminum-Magnesium Alloys 2012 University of Virginia.https://doi.org/10.18130/V3QH2R.10.18130/V3QH2R ↗
49. Direct visualization of β phase causing intergranular forms of corrosion in Al-Mg alloys10.1016/j.matchar.2013.03.014 ↗
50. Investigating localized corrosion susceptibility arising from Sc containing intermetallic Al3Sc in high strength Al-alloys10.1016/j.scriptamat.2007.01.036 ↗
51. Influence of scandium on the pitting behaviour of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys10.1016/j.actamat.2007.08.021 ↗
52. Investigation on microstructure, mechanical properties and corrosion behavior of VPPA welded Al–Mg–Mn–Sc–Zr alloy
53. The corrosion behavior of scandium alloyed Al 5052 in neutral sodium chloride solution10.1016/S0010-938X(00)00147-5 ↗
54. Electrochemical behaviour of the β-phase intermetallic (Mg2Al3) as a function of pH as relevant to corrosion of aluminium-magnesium alloys10.1016/j.corsci.2012.12.022 ↗
55. Electrochemical characteristics of intermetallic phases in aluminum alloys10.1149/1.1869984 ↗
56. Recent Insights Into Corrosion Initiation at the Nanoscale, in: R.N. Lumley (Ed.)
57. A summary of corrosion properties of Al-Rich solid solution and secondary phase particles in al alloys
58. Spreading of intergranular corrosion on the surface of sensitized Al-4.4Mg alloys: a general finding10.1016/j.corsci.2012.02.018 ↗
59. Esmailzadeh · Interpret. Cycl. Potentiodynamic Polariz. Test. Results Study Corros. Behav. Met.: A Rev. · 2018 · 1 · 976
60. Behaviour of the alloy AA2017 in aqueous solutions of NaCl. Part I: Corrosion mechanisms10.1016/j.corsci.2008.12.027 ↗
61. On the mixed nature of cerium conversion coatings U È ber die Eigenschaften von Cer-Umwandlungsschichten
62. Using EIS to analyse samples of Al-Mg alloy AA5083 treated by thermal activation in cerium salt baths10.1016/j.corsci.2007.12.009 ↗
63. Seguimiento de la corrosión de la aleación AA2024 en disoluciones de NaCl mediante la medida del ruido electroquímico10.3989/revmetalm.1998.v34.iExtra.705 ↗
64. Effects of friction stir processing on the microstructure, mechanical and corrosion behaviors of an aluminum-magnesium alloy10.1016/j.surfcoat.2020.126647 ↗
65. Influence of heat treatment on corrosion behavior of rare earth element Sc modified Al-Mg alloy processed by selective laser melting10.1016/j.apsusc.2020.145330 ↗
66. Overview of Intergranular Corrosion Mechanisms, Phenomenological Observations, and Modeling of AA508310.5006/1818 ↗
67. Modeling sensitization of Al-Mg alloys via β-phase precipitation kinetics10.1016/j.scriptamat.2015.02.012 ↗
68. Analysing the degree of sensitisation in 5xxx series aluminium alloys using artificial neural networks: A tool for alloy design10.1016/j.corsci.2019.02.003 ↗
69. Hydrogen - dislocation interactions in a low-copper 7xxx aluminium alloy: About the analysis of interrupted stress corrosion cracking tests10.1016/j.msea.2020.139654 ↗
70. Stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of aluminium alloys
71. Postulated mechanisms for stress corrosion cracking of aluminum alloys. A review of the literature 1980-198910.5006/1.3585235 ↗
72. Damage micromechanisms of stress corrosion cracking in Al-Mg alloy with high magnesium content10.1016/j.corsci.2021.109343 ↗
73. The effect of electrode potential on stress corrosion cracking in highly sensitized Al–Mg alloys10.1016/j.msea.2019.138399 ↗
74. Retrogression and reaging and the role of dislocations in the stress corrosion of 7000-type aluminum alloys10.1007/BF02650294 ↗
75. Model to predict intergranular corrosion propagation in three dimensions in AA5083-H13110.1016/j.matdes.2016.01.089 ↗
76. Influence of Mg on the corrosion of Al10.1116/1.582129 ↗
77. Effective hydrogen diffusion in aluminum alloy 5083-H131 as a function of orientation and degree of sensitization10.5006/0987 ↗
78. Role of Mg in the stress corrosion cracking of an Al-Mg alloy10.1007/s11661-001-0148-0 ↗
79. The effect of temper and composition on the stress corrosion cracking of Al-Mg alloys10.5006/2317 ↗
80. The effect of loading orientation on the stress corrosion cracking of Al-Mg alloys10.5006/2343 ↗
81. Hydrogen effects during IGSCC of pure Al-5Mg alloy in NaCl media10.1016/S0010-938X(01)00140-8 ↗
82. The influence of hydrogen on the stress-corrosion cracking of low-strength Al-Mg alloys10.1007/s11837-003-0225-5 ↗
83. The effect of loading mode on the stress-corrosion cracking of aluminum alloy 508310.1007/BF02644298 ↗
84. Influences of hydrogen on deformation and fracture behaviors of high Zn 7XXX aluminum alloys10.1007/s10704-016-0092-z ↗
85. Hydrogen in aluminum10.1016/S0925-8388(96)02968-4 ↗
86. Grain boundary segregation in Al-Zn-Mg alloys-implications to stress corrosion cracking10.1007/BF02700441 ↗
87. An investigation of the effect of gaseous corrosion fatigue on the J1C of aluminum alloys10.1016/0036-9748(81)90224-6 ↗
88. Grain boundary segregation and hydrogen-induced fracture in 7050 aluminium alloy