New insight into the ablation behavior of C/C-ZrC composites in a nitrogen plasma torch with a high heat flux of ∼25 MW/m2
Source abstract
Abstract
Abstract Ablation of C/C-ZrC composites was studied at a heat flux of ∼25 MW/m2 in a nitrogen plasma torch. C/C-ZrC composites with 4.1 wt% ZrC illustrate a lower linear ablation rate than other composites, that is, 44.7 % lower than that of C/C composites. The formed ZrN/ZrO2 may decrease the ablation rate of the composites by blocking the chemical reaction of the plasma jet and carbon and absorbing significant heat from the plasma jet by their melting and evaporation. The ablation of C/C-ZrC composites is controlled by thermochemical ablation, mechanical breakage, and carbon sublimation, which plays a minor role.
Source: openaire · Quality: candidate unverified · Source record ↗
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Advanced ceramic materials synthesis · Diamond and Carbon-based Materials Research · Advanced materials and composites
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
References (90)
Show source-provided references
1. Mao · 2009
2. Tang · 2013
3. Buckley · 1993
4. Fitzer · 1998
5. Yi · 2018
6. Hyper-X hot structures design and comparison with flight data
7. Snecma propulsion solide advanced technology SRM nozzles. History and future
8. Environmental effects: ablation of C/C materials-surface dynamics and effective reactivity
9. Design, preparation and properties of carbon fiber reinforced ultra-high temperature ceramic composites for aerospace applications: a review10.1016/j.jmst.2016.08.004 ↗
10. Advances in oxidation and ablation resistance of high and ultra-high temperature ceramics modified or coated carbon/carbon composites10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2017.08.013 ↗
11. Advances in ablative composites of carbon based materials: a review10.1021/acs.iecr.9b04625 ↗
12. Effect of ZrO2 from the oxidation of ZrC on ablation of ZrC modified carbon/carbon composites10.3724/SP.J.1077.2009.00943 ↗
13. Microstructure and ablation properties of zirconium carbide doped carbon/carbon composites10.1016/j.carbon.2009.09.035 ↗
14. The effect of zirconium carbide on ablation of carbon/carbon composites under an oxyacetylene flame10.1016/j.corsci.2010.09.028 ↗
15. Reaction kinetics and ablation properties of C/C-ZrC composites fabricated by reactive melt infiltration10.1016/j.ceramint.2010.12.002 ↗
16. C/C-ZrC composite prepared by chemical vapor infiltration combined with alloyed reactive melt infiltration10.1016/j.ceramint.2012.04.017 ↗
17. Influence of pyrocarbon amount in C/C preform on the microstructure and properties of C/ZrC composites prepared via reactive melt infiltration10.1016/j.matdes.2013.12.071 ↗
18. Ablative and mechanical properties of C/C-ZrC composites prepared by precursor infiltration and pyrolysis process10.1016/j.jmst.2014.01.015 ↗
19. Effects of precursor concentration on the microstructure and properties of ZrC modified C/C composites prepared by precursor infiltration and pyrolysis10.1016/j.ceramint.2017.07.177 ↗
20. Effect of fiber architecture and density on the ablation behavior of carbon/carbon composites modified by Zr-Ti-C10.1016/j.carbon.2013.06.043 ↗
21. Microstructure and ablation behavior of carbon/carbon composites infiltrated with Zr-Ti10.1016/j.carbon.2012.11.042 ↗
22. High temperature corrosion of carbon/carbon composites in Zr-Ti melts during liquid metal infiltration10.1016/j.corsci.2015.05.014 ↗
23. Ultra-high-temperature ablation behavior of SiC-ZrC-TiC modified carbon/carbon composites fabricated via reactive melt infiltration10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2019.10.027 ↗
24. C/C-SiC-ZrC composites fabricated by reactive melt infiltration with Si 0.87 Zr 0.13 alloy10.1016/j.ceramint.2012.02.016 ↗
25. Effects of porous C/C density on the densification behavior and ablation property of C/C-ZrC-SiC composites10.1016/j.carbon.2013.01.059 ↗
26. Effect of SiC/ZrC ratio on the mechanical and ablation properties of C/C-SiC-ZrC composites10.1016/j.corsci.2013.12.017 ↗
27. Microstructure and ablation resistance of carbon/carbon composites with a zirconium carbide rich surface layer10.1016/j.corsci.2014.04.013 ↗
28. Reaction mechanism and microstructure development of Zr-Si alloyed melt-infiltrated ZrC-modified C/C composite10.1111/jace.13595 ↗
29. Microstructure and ablation mechanism of C/C-ZrC-SiC composites in a plasma flame10.1016/j.ceramint.2017.04.089 ↗
30. Effect of ZrC particle size on the ablation resistance of C/C-ZrC-SiC composites10.1016/j.matdes.2017.05.019 ↗
31. Mechanical properties and ablation behavior of C/C-ZrC and C/C-ZrC-SiC composites prepared by precursor infiltration and pyrolysis combined with chemical vapor infiltration10.1016/j.ceramint.2018.09.131 ↗
32. Effects of surface structure unit of 2D needled carbon fiber preform on the microstructure and ablation properties of C/C-ZrC-SiC composites10.1016/j.ceramint.2019.03.078 ↗
33. Intelligent cooling structure design of "Z-pins like" silicon rods to enhance the ablation resistance of C/C-ZrC-SiC composites above 2500 °C10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2020.05.016 ↗
34. Effects of ZrC/SiC ratios on mechanical and ablation behavior of C/C-ZrC-SiC composites prepared by carbothermal reaction of hydrothermal co-deposited oxides10.1016/j.corsci.2019.108239 ↗
35. Effect of ZrC particle distribution on the ablation resistance of C/C-SiC-ZrC composites fabricated using precursor infiltration pyrolysis10.1016/j.ceramint.2020.03.157 ↗
36. Structural characteristics and ablative behavior of C/C-ZrC-SiC composites reinforced with “Z-pins like” Zr-Si-B-C multiphase ceramic rods10.1016/j.ceramint.2020.04.211 ↗
37. Mechanical, oxidation and ablation properties of C/(C-SiC)CVI-(ZrC-SiC)PIP composites10.1016/j.corsci.2019.108200 ↗
38. Microstructure and ablation behavior of C/C composites doped with ZrB210.3724/SP.J.1077.2011.10918 ↗
39. An integrated composite with a porous Cf/C-ZrB2-SiC core between two compact outer layers of Cf/C-ZrB2-SiC and Cf/C-SiC10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2014.10.005 ↗
40. Ablation behavior of C/C-SiC-ZrB2 composites in simulated solid rocket motor plumes10.1016/j.jallcom.2017.08.114 ↗
41. Effects of LaB6 on the microstructures and ablation properties of 3D C/C-SiC-ZrB2-LaB6 composites10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2020.02.024 ↗
42. Effect of heat flux on ablation behaviour and mechanism of C/C-ZrB2-SiC composite under oxyacetylene torch flame10.1016/j.corsci.2013.04.052 ↗
43. C/SiC-ZrB2-ZrC composites fabricated by reactive melt infiltration with ZrSi2 alloy10.1016/j.ceramint.2012.05.035 ↗
44. Ablation in different heat fluxes of C/C composites modified by ZrB2/ZrC and ZrB2/ZrC-SiC particles10.1016/j.corsci.2013.04.038 ↗
45. Effect of high temperature heat treatment on the ablation of SiC-ZrB2-ZrC particles modified C/C composites in two heat fluxes10.1016/j.jallcom.2014.09.193 ↗
46. Influence of SiC additive on the ablation behavior of C/C composites modified by ZrB2-ZrC particles under oxyacetylene torch10.1016/j.ceramint.2013.06.036 ↗
47. Ablation resistance of wedge-shaped C/C-ZrB2-ZrC-SiC composites exposed to an oxyacetylene torch10.1016/j.corsci.2016.08.010 ↗
48. Ablation mechanism of C/C-ZrB2-ZrC-SiC composite fabricated by polymer infiltration and pyrolysis with preform of Cf/ZrB210.1016/j.corsci.2015.05.064 ↗
49. Effects of oxidizing species on ablation behavior of C/C-ZrB2-ZrC-SiC composites prepared by precursor infiltration and pyrolysis10.1016/j.ceramint.2016.09.083 ↗
50. Ablative property and mechanism of C/C-ZrB2-ZrC-SiC composites reinforced by SiC networks under plasma flame10.1016/j.corsci.2016.02.015 ↗
51. Microstructure and ablation behavior of C/C-HfC composites prepared by precursor infiltration and pyrolysis10.1016/j.corsci.2015.01.053 ↗
52. Effect of HfC on the ablative and mechanical properties of C/C composites10.1016/j.msea.2009.03.040 ↗
53. Ablation resistance and thermal conductivity of carbon/carbon composites containing hafnium carbide10.1016/j.corsci.2012.10.018 ↗
54. Anti-oxidation and ablation properties of carbon/carbon composites infiltrated by hafnium boride10.1016/j.carbon.2012.09.053 ↗
55. Preparation, ablation behavior and thermal retardant ability of C/C-HfB2-SiC composites10.1016/j.matdes.2017.07.041 ↗
56. Ablation behavior of nose-shaped HfB2-SiC modified carbon/carbon composites exposed to oxyacetylene torch10.1016/j.corsci.2019.02.015 ↗
57. Ablation behaviour of C/C-ZrC composites in a solid rocket motor environment10.1016/j.ceramint.2015.05.147 ↗
58. Study of the ablation of a carbon/carbon composite at ∼25 MW/m2 with a nitrogen plasma torch10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2020.06.075 ↗
59. Effect of yttrium carbide on ablation behavior of zirconium carbide modified carbon/carbon composites10.1016/j.corsci.2020.108675 ↗
60. Microstructure and mechanical properties of C/C-ZrC composites10.15541/jim20140455 ↗
61. Effect of heat-treatment temperature on mechanical properties of pyrocarbon and carbon/carbon composites10.3724/SP.J.1077.2010.00315 ↗
62. Ablation of the carbon/carbon composite nozzle-throats in a small solid rocket motor10.1016/j.carbon.2010.11.037 ↗
63. Effect of combustion gas mass flow rate on carbon/carbon composite nozzle ablation in a solid rocket motor10.1016/j.carbon.2011.11.034 ↗
64. Erosion of carbon/carbon composites using a low-velocity, high-particle-concentration two-phase jet in a solid rocket motor10.1016/j.carbon.2013.09.072 ↗
65. Microstructure and gas-surface interaction studies of a low-density carbon-bonded carbon fiber composite in atmospheric entry plasmas10.1016/j.compositesa.2015.02.004 ↗
66. Determination of active nitridation reaction efficiency of graphite in inductively coupled plasma flows10.1016/j.carbon.2017.09.081 ↗
67. Development of mutation++: MUlticomponent thermodynamics and transport properties for ionized gases library in C++
68. Bale
69. Ablative and catalytic behavior of carbon-based porous thermal protection materials in nitrogen plasmas10.1016/j.carbon.2018.03.087 ↗
70. Shock-tube measurement of nitridation coefficient of solid carbon10.2514/1.15743 ↗
71. Laboratory investigation of the active nitridation of graphite by atomic nitrogen10.2514/1.T3612 ↗
72. Physico-chemistry of CN in the boundary layer of graphite in nitrogen plasmas, AIAA 2015-2668
73. Experimental study of graphite ablation in nitrogen flow10.2514/1.35082 ↗
74. Graphite nitridation in lower surface temperature regime10.2514/1.43265 ↗
75. Gas-surface interactions of atomic nitrogen with vitreous carbon10.1016/j.carbon.2019.04.117 ↗
76. Oxidation and nitridation of vitreous carbon at high temperatures10.1016/j.carbon.2020.05.076 ↗
77. Surface temperature jump beyond active oxidation of carbon/silicon carbide composites in extreme aerothermal conditions10.1016/j.carbon.2014.01.018 ↗
78. Aerothermal response of ceramic matrix composites to nitrogen plasma at temperatures above 2000 K10.1016/j.ast.2014.07.007 ↗
79. Analytical modeling of the transient ablation of a 3D C/C composite10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2017.06.130 ↗
80. Microstructure and gas-surface interaction studies of a 3D carbon/carbon composite in atmospheric entry plasma10.1016/j.carbon.2016.11.054 ↗
81. Numerical simulations of multiscale ablation of carbon/carbon throat with morphology effects10.2514/1.J055534 ↗
82. Fabrication and ablation testing of 4D C/C composite at 10MW/m2 heat flux under a plasma arc heater10.1016/j.msea.2012.12.059 ↗
83. Modelling of carbon-carbon composite ablation in rocket nozzles10.1016/j.compscitech.2010.04.002 ↗
84. Plasmonic efficiencies of nanoparticles made of metal nitrides (TiN, ZrN) compared with gold10.1038/srep38647 ↗
85. Refractory plasmonics10.1126/science.1252722 ↗
86. Microstructural development of a Cf/ZrC composite manufactured by reactive melt infiltration10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2009.10.016 ↗
87. Densification behavior and properties of hot-pressed ZrC ceramics with Zr and graphite additives10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2011.01.005 ↗
88. Analytical modeling of the steady state ablation of a 3D C/C composite10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2008.01.008 ↗
89. Ablation of carbon-based materials: multiscale roughness modelling10.1016/j.compscitech.2008.09.019 ↗
90. Measurements of the melting point of graphite and the properties of liquid carbon (a review for 1963-2003)10.1016/j.carbon.2004.12.027 ↗