S-XCT experimental determination of local contact angle and meniscus shape in liquid moulding of composites
Source abstract
Abstract
Abstract In-situ spontaneous wicking experiments were scanned using Synchrotron X-ray Computed Tomography (S-XCT) to study the meniscus shape at the fibre scale. To this end, a single tow of E-glass fibres was impregnated with a commercial epoxy resin by using a wicking fixture specially designed for such purpose. The high resolution of the S-XCT images recorded ( 0 . 325 μ m /pixel) allowed the direct access to the surface of the individual menisci formed between fibres and permitted a direct quantification of the contact angle as well as the local curvature measurement. The contact angle values measured were in good agreement with values reported in the literature. The experimental methodology employed was also compared with numerical results obtained using a surface minimization approach. The results obtained with the simulation tool, in terms of effective capillary pressure and meniscus shape, were in good agreement with the experimental data reported.
Source: openaire · Quality: candidate unverified · Source record ↗
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Epoxy Resin Curing Processes · Composite Material Mechanics · Mechanical Behavior of Composites
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
References (55)
Show source-provided references
1. The interactions between flows occurring inside and outside fabric tows during RTM10.1016/S0266-3538(97)00019-5 ↗
2. Tow impregnation model and void formation mechanisms during RTM10.1177/002199839803200302 ↗
3. A model for unsaturated flow in woven fiber preforms during mold filling in resin transfer molding10.1177/002199839803201902 ↗
4. A numerical model to predict fiber tow saturation during liquid composite molding10.1016/S0266-3538(03)00155-6 ↗
5. Effects of fiber mat architecture on void formation and removal in liquid composite molding10.1002/pc.750160507 ↗
6. Modeling and simulation of voids and saturation in liquid composite molding processes10.1016/j.compositesa.2011.02.005 ↗
7. Formation of microscopic voids in resin transfer molded composites10.1115/1.1789958 ↗
8. Numerical simulation of void formation in LCM10.1016/S1359-835X(03)00055-1 ↗
9. Modeling the unsaturated flow in liquid composite moulding processes: A review and some thoughts10.1177/0021998304045585 ↗
10. Experimental study of saturation by visible light transmission in dual-scale fibrous reinforcements during composite manufacturing10.1177/0731684417725187 ↗
11. Calculation of interfacial tensions in polymer systems10.1002/polc.5070340105 ↗
12. Reliable determination of contact angle from the height and volume of sessile drops10.1119/1.5078512 ↗
13. Contact angle measurements with sessile drops and bubbles10.1016/0021-9797(91)90120-W ↗
14. A method for estimating interfacial tensions and contact angles from sessile and pendant drop shapes10.1016/0021-9797(83)90361-2 ↗
15. Contact angle measurements and contact angle interpretation. 1. Contact angle measurements by axisymmetric drop shape analysis and a goniometer sessile drop technique10.1021/la9608021 ↗
16. Contact angle measurement of small capillary length liquid in super-repelled state10.1038/s41598-017-00607-9 ↗
17. Wu · 1982
18. Characterizing high performance composite processability with dynamic fiber wettability measurements10.1002/pc.750090106 ↗
19. Tensiometric method to reliably assess wetting properties of single fibers with resins: Validation on cellulosic reinforcements for composites10.1016/j.colsurfa.2016.09.047 ↗
20. Evaluation of fiber wettability based on an immerging force measurement10.1002/app.22761 ↗
21. Wettability of single fibres: beyond the contact angle approach10.1016/S0143-7496(99)00006-8 ↗
22. Pendant drop formation on a cylindrical polymeric fibre network: predicting the drop shape and its evolution beyond the traditional Laplace surface tension equation10.1002/pi.900 ↗
23. Wettability of glass fibres with different sizings and their adhesion to unsaturated polyester matrices10.1007/BF01161445 ↗
24. Contact angle goniometry on single micron-scale fibers for composites10.1016/j.apsusc.2016.09.018 ↗
25. A novel method for contact angle measurements on natural fibers10.1016/j.matlet.2015.11.039 ↗
26. Capillary effects on flax fibers - Modification and characterization of the wetting dynamics10.1016/j.compositesa.2015.03.010 ↗
27. Axial impregnation of a fiber bundle. Part 1: Capillary experiments10.1002/pc.10429 ↗
28. Capillary wicking in flax fabrics – Effects of swelling in water10.1016/j.colsurfa.2016.03.050 ↗
29. Dynamic capillary effects in liquid composite moulding with non-crimp fabrics10.1016/j.compositesa.2005.04.011 ↗
30. X-ray computed microtomography for drop shape analysis and contact angle measurement10.1016/j.jcis.2013.06.036 ↗
31. Automatic method for estimation of in situ effective contact angle from X-ray micro tomography images of two-phase flow in porous media10.1016/j.jcis.2017.02.005 ↗
32. Pore-scale contact angle measurements at reservoir conditions using X-ray microtomography10.1016/j.advwatres.2014.02.014 ↗
33. An in situ investigation of microscopic infusion and void transport during vacuum-assisted infiltration by means of X-ray computed tomography10.1016/j.compscitech.2015.09.016 ↗
34. Insights from in-situ X-ray computed tomography during axial impregnation of unidirectional fiber beds10.1016/j.compositesa.2017.12.024 ↗
35. Numerical prediction and experimental characterisation of meso-scale-voids in liquid composite moulding10.1016/j.compositesa.2007.08.005 ↗
36. Unloading during the infusion process: Direct measurement of the dual-scale fibrous microstructure evolution with X-ray computed tomography10.1016/j.compositesa.2018.09.013 ↗
37. The use of X-ray computed tomography for design and process modeling of aerospace composites: A review10.1016/j.matdes.2020.108553 ↗
38. Application of X-ray computed tomography for the virtual permeability prediction of fiber reinforcements for liquid composite molding processes: A review10.1016/j.compscitech.2019.107828 ↗
39. XCT-scan assisted flow path analysis and permeability prediction of a 3D woven fabric10.1016/j.compositesb.2019.107320 ↗
40. High-resolution computed tomography in resin infused woven carbon fibre composites with voids10.1016/j.compscitech.2016.05.010 ↗
41. Quantification of the internal structure and automatic generation of voxel models of textile composites from X-ray computed tomography data10.1016/j.compositesa.2014.11.016 ↗
42. A clustering method for analysis of morphology of short natural fibers in composites based on X-ray microtomography10.1016/j.compositesa.2017.07.028 ↗
43. Local fiber orientation from X-ray region-of-interest computed tomography of large fiber reinforced composite components10.1016/j.compscitech.2019.107786 ↗
44. Assessment of capillary phenomena in liquid composite molding10.1016/j.compositesa.2019.02.018 ↗
45. X-ray computed tomography of polymer composites10.1016/j.compscitech.2017.10.023 ↗
46. The dynamics of capillary flow10.1103/PhysRev.17.273 ↗
47. Ueber das zeitgesetz des kapillaren aufstiegs von flüssigkeiten10.1007/BF01461107 ↗
48. Analytical approach for the Lucas–Washburn equation10.1006/jcis.2002.8288 ↗
49. The surface evolver10.1080/10586458.1992.10504253 ↗
50. Simple method for measuring intrinsic contact angle of a fiber with liquids10.1007/s00348-019-2733-2 ↗
51. Universal expression for droplet-fiber detachment force10.1063/1.5032106 ↗
52. Wetting behavior of elastomer-modified glass fibers10.1021/la010207l ↗
53. Wetting dynamics of polydimethylsiloxane mixtures on a poly(ethylene terephthalate) fiber10.1016/j.jcis.2018.04.091 ↗
54. Dynamic capillary impact on longitudinal micro-flow in vacuum assisted impregnation and the unsaturated permeability of inner fiber tows10.1016/j.compscitech.2010.06.004 ↗
55. Investigation of capillary impregnation for permeability prediction of fibrous reinforcements