journal article·2025-07Open access

Reduction of electromagnetic signature by the epoxy-based nanocomposite with ferrite@ferrite nanostructure

Adrian Radoń, Bartosz Kopyciński, Agnieszka Ciuraszkiewicz, Jerzy Kubacki, Mariola Kądziołka-Gaweł, Dariusz Łukowiec, Piotr Gębara, Ewa Langer, Aleksandra Kolano-Burian

Abstract

The highly efficient electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials that can be applied for signature reduction are the subject of numerous studies due to their applicability potential in the military and aerospace fields. A novel approach to characterize epoxy-based nanocomposites with complex ferrite nanostructures was used and applied in order to determine the possibility of using an epoxy-based nanocomposite with ferrite@ferrite nanostructure as a signature reduction material. Two nanostructures, i.e. Fe 3 O 4 @CoFe 2 O 4 and Fe 3 O 4 @NiZnFe 2 O 4, were developed, and their magnetic and dielectric properties were compared with the pure core – Fe 3 O 4 . Analysis of magnetodielectric properties allowed us to choose the bi-magnetic Fe 3 O 4 @CoFe 2 O 4 nanostructure as the most adequate one for preparing the nanocomposite with high EMI shielding performance. An epoxy-based nanocomposite with these nanoparticles and an organic filler (amorphous yellow dextrin and rice starch mixture) was prepared. The shielding efficiency analysis in the transmission and reflection modes confirmed that the composite with 50 wt% of Fe 3 O 4 @CoFe 2 O 4 can enhance the absorption of electromagnetic radiation. A reduction of the reflectivity from 0.97 to 0.45 and the increase in absorptivity from 0.03 to 0.55 at 8 GHz compared to pure polymer matrix backed by a metallic plate, was observed. Also, shielding efficiency related to the reflection of the electromagnetic wave decreased from 14.74 dB to 2.61 dB, confirming a change of the EMI shielding mechanism from reflection (for metallic components) to absorption (for metallic surface covered by a nanocomposite). • The formation of 2nd ferrite on the Fe 3 O 4 core is related to the consumption of this phase. • Reflectivity, absorptivity, and transmittivity were used to analyze the EMI shielding mechanism. • Shielding efficiency based on reflection ( SE R ) must be minimized to ensure high microwave absorption. • The Fe 3 O 4 @CoFe 2 O 4 – based composite can reduce the reflectivity of metallic surfaces. • The addition of 50 wt% of Fe 3 O 4 @CoFe 2 O 4 results in a decrease of SE R even 5 times.
Source: openalex_inverted_index · Quality: baseline

Research context

OpenAlex topics: Electromagnetic wave absorption materials · Conducting polymers and applications · Pigment Synthesis and Properties

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

References (77)

Show source-provided references
1. From waste to wealth: a critical review on advanced materials for EMI shielding10.1002/app.52974 ↗
2. Clarification of basic concepts for electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness10.1063/5.0075019 ↗
3. Quantitative interpretation of electromagnetic interference shielding efficiency: is it really a wave absorber or a reflector?10.1021/acsomega.1c05657 ↗
4. Review of electromagnetic interference shielding materials fabricated by iron ingredients10.1039/C9NA00108E ↗
5. Dual magnetic particles modified carbon nanosheets in CoFe/Co@NC heterostructure for efficient electromagnetic synergy10.20517/ss.2024.51 ↗
6. Recent progress and perspective of microwave absorption materials derived from metal-organic frameworks10.20517/ss.2024.63 ↗
7. Hollow engineering of sandwich NC@Co/NC@MnO2 composites toward strong wideband electromagnetic wave attenuation10.1016/j.jmst.2023.08.020 ↗
8. Enhanced low-frequency electromagnetic wave absorption by CoFe alloy/C microspheres synthesized from metal-organic frameworks10.1016/j.jallcom.2024.177936 ↗
9. A study on EMI shielding in aircraft: introduction, methods and significance of using electrospun nanocomposites10.1016/j.jsse.2024.01.001 ↗
10. Ultralight and rigid PBO nanofiber aerogel with superior electromagnetic wave absorption properties10.1016/j.jmst.2024.08.018 ↗
11. Heterostructured BN@Co-C@C endowing polyester composites excellent thermal conductivity and microwave absorption at C band10.1002/adfm.202313544 ↗
12. Excellent low-frequency microwave absorption and high thermal conductivity in polydimethylsiloxane composites endowed by hydrangea-like CoNi@BN heterostructure fillers10.1002/adma.202410186 ↗
13. Multifunctional conductive hydrogel composites with nickel nanowires and liquid metal conductive highways10.1021/acsami.4c05344 ↗
14. High-performance carbonaceous absorbers: from heterogeneous absorbents to data-driven metamaterials10.1016/j.carbon.2024.119850 ↗
15. Ultrathin carbon layer coated MXene/PBO nanofiber films for excellent electromagnetic interference shielding and thermal stability10.1016/j.compositesa.2023.107857 ↗
16. Structural design in reduced graphene oxide (RGO) metacomposites for enhanced microwave absorption in wide temperature spectrum10.1016/j.jmst.2024.04.011 ↗
17. EMI shielding applications of PANI-Ferrite nanocomposite materials: a review10.1016/j.synthmet.2023.117338 ↗
18. Recent progress in soft electronics and robotics based on magnetic nanomaterials
19. Reduced graphene oxide/barium ferrite ceramic nanocomposite synergism for high EMI wave absorption10.1021/acsomega.2c08168 ↗
20. An innovative ternary composite paper of graphene and Fe3O4 decorated multi-walled carbon nanotube for ultra-efficient electromagnetic interference shielding and fire-resistant properties
21. Shielding performance of MnxNi0.8–xZn0.2Fe2O4 (0.1≤x≤0.7) for electromagnetic interference (EMI) in X-band frequency10.1016/j.ceramint.2021.12.205 ↗
22. Magnetodielectric and low-frequency microwave absorption properties of entropy stabilised ferrites and 3D printed composites10.1016/j.compositesb.2022.110126 ↗
23. Microwave absorption by dextrin-magnetite nanocomposite in frequencies below 2.5 GHz: role of magnetite content, shape and temperature on magneto-dielectric properties10.1016/j.matdes.2020.108860 ↗
24. Effect of aspect ratio on dielectric, magnetic, percolative and microwave absorption properties of magnetite nanoparticles10.1016/j.jallcom.2015.03.021 ↗
25. Electromagnetic interference of nickel ferrite and copper ferrite filled low-density polyethylene composite10.1177/0021998320938836 ↗
26. High intrinsic thermal conductivity and low dielectric constant of liquid crystalline epoxy resins with fluorine-containing semi-IPN structures
27. Effect of the structure of epoxy monomers and curing agents: toward making intrinsically highly thermally conductive and low-dielectric epoxy resins10.1021/jacsau.3c00582 ↗
28. Hard–soft core–shell architecture formation from cubic cobalt ferrite nanoparticles10.3390/nano13101679 ↗
29. On the thermal and hydrothermal stability of spinel iron oxide nanoparticles as single and core-shell hard-soft phases10.1016/j.jallcom.2023.168909 ↗
30. Coupled hard-soft spinel ferrite-based core-shell nanoarchitectures: magnetic properties and heating abilities10.1039/D0NA00134A ↗
31. Effect of the ZnFe2O4 shell in Fe3O4 on the properties of its nanocomposites with P3HT10.1016/j.synthmet.2023.117456 ↗
32. Ferrimagnetic to paramagnetic transition in magnetite: Mössbauer versus Monte Carlo10.1007/s10751-005-9178-0 ↗
33. Murad
34. Quantitative determination of magnetite and maghemite in iron oxide nanoparticles using Mössbauer spectroscopy10.1007/s42452-019-1699-2 ↗
35. Iron-containing phases in metallurgical and coke dusts as well as in bog iron ore10.1515/nuka-2017-0029 ↗
36. Murad
37. Structural, magnetic and Mössbauer spectral studies of nanosize aluminum substituted nickel zinc ferrites10.1016/j.jmmm.2005.01.029 ↗
38. Magnetic properties and Mössbauer spectra of nanosized CoFe2O4 powders10.1016/S0304-8853(97)01031-7 ↗
39. Magnetic properties and mössbauer spectroscopy of Fe3O4/CoFe2O4 nanorods10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b03267 ↗
40. Determination of nanoparticulate magnetite stoichiometry by Mössbauer spectroscopy, acidic dissolution, and powder X-ray diffraction: a critical review10.2138/am.2010.3435 ↗
41. Synthesis of magnetite nanoparticles of different size and shape by interplay of two different surfactants10.1007/s13538-019-00714-0 ↗
42. Resolving surface chemical states in XPS analysis of first row transition metals, oxides and hydroxides: Cr, Mn, Fe, Co and Ni10.1016/j.apsusc.2010.10.051 ↗
43. Surface chemistry of BSCF material after Ar+ ion treatment and at elevated temperatures10.1016/j.radphyschem.2019.05.030 ↗
44. Profound interfacial effects in CoFe2O4/Fe3O4 and Fe3O4/CoFe2O4 core/shell nanoparticles10.1186/s11671-018-2481-x ↗
45. Magnetic multi-granule nanoclusters: a model system that exhibits universal size effect of magnetic coercivity
46. Structural and magnetic properties of CoFe2O4/NiFe2O4 core/shell nanocomposite prepared by the hydrothermal method10.1016/j.jmmm.2015.07.039 ↗
47. Zn substituted NiFe2O4 with very high saturation magnetization and negligible dielectric loss synthesized via a soft chemical route10.1007/s00339-013-8140-2 ↗
48. Impact of metallic nanoparticles on anaerobic digestion: a systematic review
49. Temperature dependence of spin resonance in cobalt substituted NiZnCu ferrites10.1063/1.3507266 ↗
50. Magneto-dielectric properties of doped ferrite based nanosized ceramics over very high frequency range10.1016/j.jestch.2015.12.008 ↗
51. Frequency dispersion of complex permeability in Mn-Zn and Ni-Zn spinel ferrites and their composite materials10.1063/1.1542651 ↗
52. High frequency permeability of Mn-Zn ferrite and its composite materials
53. Electrical conduction mechanism and dielectric properties of spherical shaped Fe3O4 nanoparticles synthesized by co-precipitation method10.3390/ma11050735 ↗
54. Ultraslow electron-phonon scattering and polaron formation in magnetite10.1016/j.jmat.2021.04.008 ↗
55. Combined use of lightweight magnetic Fe3O4-coated hollow glass spheres and electrically conductive reduced graphene oxide in an epoxy matrix for microwave absorption10.1016/j.jmmm.2015.10.001 ↗
56. Effect of solvothermal reaction-time on microstructure and microwave absorption properties of cobalt ferrite10.3390/ma13235331 ↗
57. Designable synthesis of reduced graphene oxide modified using CoFe2O4 nanospheres with tunable enhanced microwave absorption performances between the whole X and Ku bands10.1016/j.compositesb.2020.107902 ↗
58. Electrostatic self-assembled NiFe2O4/Ti3C2Tx MXene nanocomposites for efficient electromagnetic wave absorption at ultralow loading level10.1007/s42114-021-00279-0 ↗
59. Fabrication of NiFe2O4@carbon fiber coated with phytic acid-doped polyaniline composite and its application as an electromagnetic wave absorber10.1039/C9RA04219A ↗
60. Fabrication of microwave absorbing Ni/NiO/C nanofibers with robust superhydrophobic properties by electrospinning10.1007/s10854-019-02462-y ↗
61. Achieving C/CuO microfiber composites with efficient microwave absorbing performance at low thickness10.1007/s10854-021-05517-1 ↗
62. Recent developments on nanocomposites based on spinel ferrite and carbon nanotubes for applications in electromagnetic interference shielding and microwave absorption10.1080/10408436.2023.2214577 ↗
63. Research on magnetic and microwave absorbing properties of Co2Y ferrite fabricated by sol–gel process10.1007/s10971-020-05235-w ↗
64. Influence of water on the dielectric properties, electrical conductivity and microwave absorption properties of amorphous yellow dextrin10.1007/s10570-019-02324-0 ↗
65. Spin canting across core/shell Fe3O4/MnxFe3−xO4 nanoparticles
66. Dielectric and electromagnetic interference shielding properties of high entropy (Zn,Fe,Ni,Mg,Cd)Fe2O4 ferrite10.1038/s41598-019-56586-6 ↗
67. External field-assisted techniques for polymer matrix composites with electromagnetic interference shielding10.1016/j.scib.2023.07.046 ↗
68. Absorption-dominant mmWave EMI shielding films with ultralow reflection using ferromagnetic resonance frequency tunable M-type ferrites10.1007/s40820-023-01058-w ↗
69. MOF-derived CoNi@C-silver nanowires/cellulose nanofiber composite papers with excellent thermal management capability for outstanding electromagnetic interference shielding10.1016/j.compscitech.2022.109445 ↗
70. Introduction to Aerospace Materials · 2012 · 268
71. Cure kinetics characterization and monitoring of an epoxy resin using DSC, Raman spectroscopy, and DEA10.1016/j.compositesa.2013.01.021 ↗
72. Kinetic studies of an epoxy cure reaction by isothermal DSC analysis10.1016/S0040-6031(99)00303-2 ↗
73. Fe3O4–β-cyclodextrin–Chitosan bionanocomposite for arsenic removal from aqueous solution10.1007/s10904-017-0741-3 ↗
74. Influences of Co compositions in CoFe2O4 on microstructures, thermal, and magnetic properties10.1016/j.csite.2021.101040 ↗
75. Wear-resistant and electromagnetic absorbing behaviors of oleic acid post-modified ferrite-filled epoxy resin composite coating10.1016/j.jmmm.2014.10.160 ↗
76. Eco-friendly design of superhydrophobic nano-magnetite/silicone composites for marine foul-release paints10.1016/j.porgcoat.2017.12.008 ↗
77. Facile fabrication of superhydrophobic polysiloxane/magnetite nanocomposite coatings with electromagnetic shielding property10.1007/s11998-011-9358-6 ↗