Determination and modelling of the cure shrinkage of epoxy vinylester resin and associated composites by considering thermal gradients
Source abstract
Abstract
Quantification and understanding of the evolution of chemical shrinkage of thermoset polymers is of crucial importance for modelling of residual strains and stresses. Thermal properties of resin and the strong coupling between chemical reactions and thermal fields lead to non-negligible thermal and curing degree gradients in the part. In this paper, modelling of the volume chemical shrinkages of an unsaturated epoxy vinylester resin and associated glass fibre composites is proposed, by taking into account the coupling between volume variation and thermal gradients. Modelling is also compared with the measurements done with a home-made instrument (PVT-alpha). Results suggest that chemical shrinkage is non linear as a function of degree of cure. Moreover, for an equal mass of resin, chemical shrinkage of resin carrying fibres is lesser than the neat resin.
Source: openaire · Quality: candidate unverified · Source record ↗
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Epoxy Resin Curing Processes · Mechanical Behavior of Composites · Synthesis and properties of polymers
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
References (45)
Show source-provided references
1. Material characterization and residual stresses simulation during the manufacturing process of epoxy matrix composites10.1016/j.compositesa.2009.09.025 ↗
2. Shimbo M, Yamabe M, Miyano Y. Viscoelastic analysis of residual stress in thermosetting resins introduced during curing process. In: Allison IM, editor. 11th International conference on, experimental mechanics, Oxford-UK; 1998. p. 1325–1330.
3. Evolution of chemical and thermal curvatures in thermoset laminated composite plates during the fabrication process10.1177/0021998312440130 ↗
4. A simple dilatometer for thermoset cure shrinkage and thermal expansion measurements10.1002/app.1994.070520305 ↗
5. Volume shrinkage characteristics in the cure of low-shrink unsaturated polyester resins10.1016/0032-3861(96)82909-0 ↗
6. Development of a dilatometer and its application to low-shrink unsaturated polyester resins10.1002/app.1992.070450105 ↗
7. Dilatometric study of low profile unsaturated polyester resins10.1002/pen.760351005 ↗
8. A new method to reduce cure-induced stresses in thermoset polymer composites, Part I: Test method10.1106/HUCY-DY2B-2N42-UJBX ↗
9. In-situ measurement of chemical shrinkage of MY750 epoxy resin by a novel gravimetric method10.1016/S0266-3538(03)00199-4 ↗
10. Shrinkage determination of a reactive polymer with volumetric dilatometry10.1016/j.polymertesting.2010.01.008 ↗
11. Shah DU, Schubel PJ. Evaluation of cure shrinkage measurement techniques for thermosetting resins. Polym Testing 2010;29(6): 629–39.10.1016/j.polymertesting.2010.05.001 ↗
12. Real-time measurement of resin shrinkage during cure10.1016/j.tca.2003.12.027 ↗
13. Measurement of (post-)curing strain development with fibre Bragg gratings10.1016/j.polymertesting.2009.12.002 ↗
14. Real time monitoring of cure and gelification of a thermoset matrix10.1016/j.compscitech.2005.07.009 ↗
15. Monitoring of process induced strains in a single fibre composite using FBG sensor: a methodological study10.1016/j.compositesa.2008.04.010 ↗
16. Monitoring by a single fiber Bragg grating of the process induced chemo-physical transformations of a model thermoset10.1016/j.sna.2004.02.033 ↗
17. A fresnel’s reflection optical fiber sensor for thermoset polymer cure monitoring
18. Chemical shrinkage and diffusion-controlled reaction of an epoxy molding compound10.1016/S0014-3057(99)00278-5 ↗
19. Residual stress build-up in thermoset films cured above their ultimate glass transition temperature10.1016/0032-3861(95)97876-H ↗
20. Effect of filler concentration of rubbery shear and bulk modulus of molding compounds10.1016/j.microrel.2006.09.031 ↗
21. Determination of shrinkage and modulus development of thermosetting resins10.1177/0021998308102035 ↗
22. Behaviour of a moulded composite part: modelling of dilatometric curve (constant pressure) or pressure (constant volume) with temperature and conversion degree gradients10.1016/j.compscitech.2006.07.004 ↗
23. Analysis and modeling of PVTX diagram of an unsaturated polyester resin, thermoplastic additive, and mineral fillers blend10.1002/app.11830 ↗
24. Measurement and modelling of chemical shrinkage of thermoset composites10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.504-506.1129 ↗
25. A device to measure the shrinkage and heat transfers during the curing cycle of thermoset composites10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.326.19 ↗
26. Cure shrinkage of thermoset composites
27. Characterization and modeling the thermo-mechanical cure-dependent properties of epoxy molding compound10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2011.10.007 ↗
28. Time-resolved method for the measurement of volume changes during polymerization10.1002/polb.20519 ↗
29. Determination of chemical cure shrinkage in composite laminates10.1520/CTR10194J ↗
30. A note upon the development of residual curing strains in carbon/epoxy laminates. Study by thermomechanical analysis10.1016/j.compositesa.2005.05.006 ↗
31. Modeling PVTX diagrams: application to various blends based on unsaturated polyester—influence of thermoplastic additive, fillers, and reinforcements10.1002/app.20312 ↗
32. Millischer A. Transferts thermiques dans le procede d’injection BMC (Bulk Molding Compound). PhD thesis. Université de Nantes; 2000.
33. Heat transfer with mechanically driven thermal contact resistance at the polymer-mold interface in injection molding of polymers10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2002.04.001 ↗
34. Pascault · 2002
35. Thermal conductivity of insulations using guarded hot plates, including recent developments and sources of reference materials10.1088/0957-0233/12/12/201 ↗
36. Determination of temperature variable properties of composite materials: methodology and experimental results10.1177/073168449601500503 ↗
37. A FEM coupling model for properties prediction during the curing of an epoxy matrix10.1016/j.commatsci.2008.11.007 ↗
38. Heat transfer and curing in polymer reaction molding10.1002/aic.690220208 ↗
39. Cure of epoxy resins containing epoxidized polyols10.1002/pen.760321211 ↗
40. Differential scanning calorimetry of the epoxy cure reaction10.1002/pen.760130508 ↗
41. Kinetics and thermal characterization of thermoset cure10.1002/pen.760130110 ↗
42. Calculation of stresses in crosslinking polymers10.1177/002199839603000102 ↗
43. A thermodynamically consistent, nonlinear viscoelastic approach for modeling glassy polymers10.1016/j.polymer.2004.04.021 ↗
44. Bailleul Jl. Optimisation du cycle du cuisson de pièces épaisses en matériau composite. Application a un préimprégné résine époxide/ fibres de verre. PhD thesis. Université de Nantes; 1997.
45. A kinetic model for curing reactions of epoxides with amines10.1002/pen.760271104 ↗