Anisotropy of Spontaneous Macrostresses in Ferromagnetic Films Induced by Magnetization: I . Anisotropic Macrostresses in Films of Nickel and Iron‐Nickel Alloy Deposited in a Magnetic Field

When depositing nickel and iron‐nickel alloy films in a magnetic field parallel to the substrate, the spontaneous macrostresses in the films are anisotropic. The absolute magnitude of the stresses can, depending on the composition of the alloy and the deposition conditions, be either substantially smaller or larger than in films deposited without the application of such a field. In layers of nickel electrodeposited from a solution free of organic inhibitors, the tensile macrostresses acting along the lines of a magnetic field are larger than those acting across the lines of a field. The introduction of saccharin into the solution effects an inversion of the influence of the magnetic field on the macrostresses: the tensile macrostresses acting across the lines of the field are now larger than those acting along these lines. In alloy films having a negative magnetostriction, the tensile stresses along the lines of the field are smaller than those across the lines. A change in the sign of the magnetostriction leads to an inversion of the field effect on the stresses: in alloys with a positive magnetostriction, the tensile macrostresses acting along the field are larger than those acting across it.