Growth of ZnO nanoflowers: effects of anodization time and substrate roughness on structural, morphological, and wetting properties
Source abstract
Abstract
Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoflowers were grown on pure zinc plates through electrochemical anodization. Prior to anodization, zinc plates were artificially roughened by sanding with emery papers #1000, #1500, and #2000 grits so as to obtain varying substrate surface profiles. Thus, the effect of zinc plates’ roughness on the structural, morphological, and wetting properties was investigated by means of anodization time. X-ray diffraction measurements showed that the grown nanostructures were of wurtzite structure. Scanning electron microscope images revealed that anodization time increased the fraction of anodized surface. Additionally, increasing anodization time yields an increase in the aspect ratio of the micrometer long nanoflower spines, as well as, by increasing anodization time, from 0 to 600 s, contact angle gradually decreases for all substrate surface roughness values. The best wettability performance with the lowest contact angle with 13.46° was recorded for the sample with highest roughness (sanded with #1000) and anodized for 600 s. It is expected that the electrochemical anodization method which enables rapid and controlled formation of metal oxide nanostructures can further be a promising way to develop structures with tunable wettability.
Source: openaire · Quality: candidate unverified · Source record ↗
Research context
OpenAlex topics: ZnO doping and properties · Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials · Anodic Oxide Films and Nanostructures
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
References (31)
Show source-provided references
1. Dikici, T., Demirci, S.: Influence of thermal oxidation temperature on the microstructure and photoelectrochemical properties of ZnO nanostructures fabricated on the zinc scraps. J Alloys Compd. 779, 752–761 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2018.11.24110.1016/j.jallcom.2018.11.241 ↗
2. Miles, D.O., Cameron, P.J., Mattia, D.: Hierarchical 3D ZnO nanowire structures via fast anodization of zinc. J Mater Chem A. 3, 17569–17577 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1039/c5ta03578c10.1039/c5ta03578c ↗
3. Alsultany, F.H., Majdi, H.S., Abd, H.R., Hassan, Z., Ahmed, N.M.: Catalytic growth of 1D ZnO nanoneedles on glass substrates through vapor transport. J Electron Mater. 48, 1660–1668 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-018-06853-510.1007/s11664-018-06853-5 ↗
4. Hu, Z., Chen, Q., Li, Z., Yu, Y., Peng, L.M.: Large-scale and rapid synthesis of ultralong ZnO nanowire films via anodization. J Phys Chem C. 114, 881–889 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1021/jp909474410.1021/jp9094744 ↗
5. Mesaros, A., Vasile, B.S., Toloman, D., Pop, O.L., Marinca, T., Unguresan, M., Perhaita, I., Filip, M., Iordache, F.: Towards understanding the enhancement of antibacterial activity in manganese doped ZnO nanoparticles. Appl Surf Sci. 471, 960–972 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2018.12.08610.1016/j.apsusc.2018.12.086 ↗
6. Ghaffari, M., Moztarzadeh, F., Safavi, M.: A comparative study on the shape-dependent biological activity of nanostructured zinc oxide. Ceram Int. 45, 1179–1188 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2018.09.30210.1016/j.ceramint.2018.09.302 ↗
7. Chen, Z., Li, S., Tian, Y., Wu, S., Zhang, W.: Sythesis of magnesium oxide doped ZnO nanostructures using electrochemical deposition. Int J Electrochem Sci. 7, 10620–10626 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2011.01.16810.1016/j.jallcom.2011.01.168 ↗
8. Li, M., Zheng, M., Yuan, X., Ma, L., Shen, W., He, S., Yao, L.: Preparation and properties of ZnO nanostructures by electrochemical anodization method. Appl Surf Sci. 256, 2557–2562 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2009.10.10410.1016/j.apsusc.2009.10.104 ↗
9. Zaraska, L., Mika, K., Hnida, K.E., Gajewska, M., Łojewski, T., Jaskuła, M., Sulka, G.D.: High aspect-ratio semiconducting ZnO nanowires formed by anodic oxidation of Zn foil and thermal treatment. Mater Sci Eng B Solid-State Mater Adv Technol. 226, 94–98 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mseb.2017.09.00310.1016/j.mseb.2017.09.003 ↗
10. Singh, R., Verma, K., Patyal, A., Sharma, I., Barman, P.B., Sharma, D.: Nanosheet and nanosphere morphology dominated photocatalytic & antibacterial properties of ZnO nanostructures. Solid State Sci. 89, 1–14 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solidstatesciences.2018.12.01110.1016/j.solidstatesciences.2018.12.011 ↗
11. Basu, P.K., Saha, N., Maji, S., Saha, H., Basu, S.: Nanoporous ZnO thin films deposited by electrochemical anodization: effect of UV light. J Mater Sci Mater Electron. 19, 493–499 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-008-9604-610.1007/s10854-008-9604-6 ↗
12. Park, J., Kim, K., Choi, J.: Formation of ZnO nanowires during short durations of potentiostatic and galvanostatic anodization. Curr Appl Phys. 13, 1370–1375 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cap.2013.04.01510.1016/j.cap.2013.04.015 ↗
13. Faid, A.Y., Allam, N.K.: Stable solar-driven water splitting by anodic ZnO nanotubular semiconducting photoanodes. RSC Adv. 6, 80221–80225 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1039/c6ra18747a10.1039/c6ra18747a ↗
14. Shetty, A., Nanda, K.K.: Synthesis of zinc oxide porous structures by anodization with water as an electrolyte. Appl Phys A Mater Sci Process. 109, 151–157 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-012-7023-210.1007/s00339-012-7023-2 ↗
15. Němcová, A., Kuběna, I., Šmíd, M., Habazaki, H., Skeldon, P., Thompson, G.E.: Effect of current density and behaviour of second phases in anodizing of a Mg-Zn-RE alloy in a fluoride/glycerol/water electrolyte. J Solid State Electrochem. 20, 1155–1165 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10008-015-2864-110.1007/s10008-015-2864-1 ↗
16. Park, D.J., Aremu, E.O., Ryu, K.S.: Bismuth oxide as an excellent anode additive for inhibiting dendrite formation in zinc-air secondary batteries. Appl Surf Sci. 456, 507–514 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2018.06.07910.1016/j.apsusc.2018.06.079 ↗
17. Mika, K., Socha, R.P., Nyga, P., Wiercigroch, E., Małek, K., Jarosz, M., Uchacz, T., Sulka, G.D., Zaraska, L.: Electrochemical synthesis and characterization of dark nanoporous zinc oxide films. Electrochim Acta. (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2019.03.05210.1016/j.electacta.2019.03.052 ↗
18. Elabar, D., Hashimoto, T., Qi, J., Skeldon, P., Thompson, G.E.: Effect of low levels of sulphate on the current density and film morphology during anodizing of aluminium in chromic acid. Electrochim Acta. 196, 206–222 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2016.01.23010.1016/j.electacta.2016.01.230 ↗
19. Imam, M.A., Moniruzzaman, M., Mamun, M.A., Engineering, R., Engineering, M., Division, M.S., Commission, E.: Anodizing of zinc for improved surface properties. 1–8 (2011)
20. Yousefzadeh, S., Zhang, J., Moshfegh, A.Z., Dong, C., Samadi, M., Ebrahimi, M.: Facile preparation of branched hierarchical ZnO nanowire arrays with enhanced photocatalytic activity: a photodegradation kinetic model. Appl Surf Sci. 435, 108–116 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2017.11.05210.1016/j.apsusc.2017.11.052 ↗
21. Wu, X., Lu, G., Li, C., Shi, G.: Room-temperature fabrication of highly oriented ZnO nanoneedle arrays by anodization of zinc foil. Nanotechnology. 17, 4936–4940 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/17/19/02610.1088/0957-4484/17/19/026 ↗
22. Vallejos, S., Gràcia, I., Pizúrová, N., Figueras, E., Hubálek, J., Cané, C.: Tuning of the humidity-interference in gas sensitive columnar ZnO structures. Proceedings. 1, 417 (2017). https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings104041710.3390/proceedings1040417 ↗
23. Guo, X., Zhao, Q., Li, R., Pan, H., Guo, X., Yin, A., Dai, W.: Synthesis of ZnO nanoflowers and their wettabilities and photocatalytic properties. Opt Express. 18, 18401 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.18.01840110.1364/oe.18.018401 ↗
24. Kaymakci, A., Birinci, E., Ayrilmis, N.: Surface characteristics of wood polypropylene nanocomposites reinforced with multi-walled carbon nanotubes. Compos Part B Eng. 157, 43–46 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2018.08.09910.1016/j.compositesb.2018.08.099 ↗
25. Su, M.J., Bai, S., Luo, Y., Chu, G.W., Sun, B.C., Le, Y., Chen, J.F.: Controllable wettability on stainless steel substrates with highly stable coatings. Chem Eng Sci. 195, 791–800 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2018.10.02510.1016/j.ces.2018.10.025 ↗
26. Zahiri, B., Sow, P.K., Kung, C.H., Mérida, W.: Understanding the wettability of rough surfaces using simultaneous optical and electrochemical analysis of sessile droplets. J Colloid Interface Sci. 501, 34–44 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2017.04.04310.1016/j.jcis.2017.04.043 ↗
27. Balela, M.D.L., Acedera, R.A., Flores, C.L.I., Pelicano, C.M.O.: Surface modification of ZnO nanostructured film prepared by hot water oxidation. Surf Coatings Technol. 340, 199–209 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2018.02.05510.1016/j.surfcoat.2018.02.055 ↗
28. Ramirez-Canon, A., Miles, D.O., Cameron, P.J., Mattia, D.: Zinc oxide nanostructured films produced via anodization: a rational design approach. RSC Adv. 3, 25323–25330 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1039/c3ra43886d10.1039/c3ra43886d ↗
29. Upadhaya, D., Talinungsang, Kumar, P., Purkayastha, D.D.: Tuning the wettability and photocatalytic efficiency of heterostructure ZnO-SnO 2 composite films with annealing temperature. Mater. Sci. Semicond. Process. 95, 28–34 (2019). doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mssp.2019.02.00910.1016/j.mssp.2019.02.009 ↗
30. Sajid, H.U., Kiran, R.: Influence of corrosion and surface roughness on wettability of ASTM A36 steels. J Constr Steel Res. 144, 310–326 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2018.01.02310.1016/j.jcsr.2018.01.023 ↗
31. Moraila, C.L., Montes Ruiz-Cabello, F.J., Cabrerizo-Vílchez, M., Rodríguez-Valverde, M.Á.: Wetting transitions on rough surfaces revealed with captive bubble experiments. The role of surface energy J Colloid Interface Sci. 539, 448–456 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2018.12.08410.1016/j.jcis.2018.12.084 ↗