journal article·2021-07

The effect of annealing temperature on hydrothermally grown sisal-like ZnO microstructures

Azadeh Haghighatzadeh, Mahsa Hosseini, Soheila Haghighi, Marzeh Ataie Dil

Publisher page

Abstract

This study has extensively described the fabrication and characterization of sisal-like ZnO microstructures. HMT aqueous solution containing zinc nitrate tetrahydrate as crystalline zinc source has been utilized to synthesize sisal-like ZnO samples via a controlled hydrothermal route. A variety of characterization techniques including FESEM, XRD, FT-IR, and Raman spectroscopy have been employed to investigate the effects related to varying annealing temperatures on morphological and structural properties. The FESEM observations have revealed a transition from hexagonal microrods to modified microrods and then to pointed microrods for sisal-like ZnO architectures as the annealing temperature increases. XRD results have indicated a considerably high purity for as-synthesized ZnO microstructures. The crystalline quantities of ZnO samples have been estimated using various X-ray line-broadening analysis methods including Debye-Scherrer and Williamson-Hall techniques. UV-Vis DRS measurements have been carried out to study optical properties. Results have shown improved light harvesting related to both enhanced absorption intensities and decreased band-gap energies with the increase of annealing temperatures.
Source: openaire · Quality: candidate unverified · Source record ↗

Research context

OpenAlex topics: ZnO doping and properties · Gas Sensing Nanomaterials and Sensors · Copper-based nanomaterials and applications

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

References (76)

Show source-provided references
1. da Silva, L.F., Mastelaro, V.R., Catto, A.C., Escanhoela Jr., C.A., Bernardini, S., Zílio, S.C., Longo, E., Aguir, K.: Ozone and nitrogen dioxide gas sensor based on a nanostructured SrTi0. 85Fe0. 15O3 thin film. J. Alloys Compd. 638, 374–379 (2015)10.1016/j.jallcom.2015.03.089 ↗
2. Brian, O., Michael, G.: A low-cost, high-efficiency solar cell based on dye-sensitized colloidal TiO2 films. Nature. 353(6346), 737–740 (1991)10.1038/353737a0 ↗
3. Minne, S., Manalis, S., Quate, C.: Parallel atomic force microscopy using cantilevers with integrated piezoresistive sensors and integrated piezoelectric actuators. Appl. Phys. Lett. 67(26), 3918–3920 (1995)10.1063/1.115317 ↗
4. Karimi, T., Haghighatzadeh, A.: Enhanced photocatalytic activity of SnO2 NPs by chromium (Cr) concentration. Bull. Mater. Sci. 42(4), 158 (2019)10.1007/s12034-019-1842-0 ↗
5. Efimov, A.A., Volkov, I.A., Ivanov, V., Vasiliev, A.A., Varfolomeev, A., Pislyakov, A.V., Lagutin, A.S., Maeder, T.: Spark discharge synthesis of semiconductor nanoparticles for thick-film metal oxide gas sensors. Proc. Eng. 168, 1036–1039 (2016)10.1016/j.proeng.2016.11.334 ↗
6. Li, Y., Wang, S., Wu, J., Ma, J., Cui, L., Lu, H., Sheng, Z.: One-step hydrothermal synthesis of hybrid core-shell Co3O4@ SnO2–SnO for supercapacitor electrodes. Ceram. Int. (2020)10.1016/j.ceramint.2020.03.126 ↗
7. Acharyulu, N., Srinivasu, C., Babavali, S.F.: Synthesis of carbon nano spherical structures and nano composite oxide [TiO2/SnO2 (2: 1)] hollow spheres by hydrothermal method and study of characterization with photo catalytic activity. Materials Today, Proceedings (2020)
8. Suvith, V., Devu, V., Philip, D.: Facile synthesis of SnO2/NiO nano-composites: Structural, magnetic and catalytic properties. Ceram. Int. 46(1), 786–794 (2020)10.1016/j.ceramint.2019.09.033 ↗
9. Asadi, A., Akbarzadeh, R., Eslami, A., Jen, T.-C., Oviroh, P.O.: Effect of synthesis method on NS-TiO2 photocatalytic performance. Energy Procedia. 158, 4542–4547 (2019)10.1016/j.egypro.2019.01.756 ↗
10. Mahmoudabadi, Z.D., Eslami, E.: One-step synthesis of CuO/TiO2 nanocomposite by atmospheric microplasma electrochemistry–its application as photoanode in dye-sensitized solar cell. J. Alloys Compd. 793, 336–342 (2019)10.1016/j.jallcom.2019.04.185 ↗
11. Xiao, Q.: Synthesis and characterization of 3D ZnO superstructures via a template-free hydrothermal method. Powder Technol. 189(1), 103–107 (2009)10.1016/j.powtec.2008.06.008 ↗
12. Kumar, V., Singh, R., Purohit, L., Singh, F.: Effect of swift heavy ion on structural and optical properties of undoped and doped nanocrystalline zinc oxide films. Adv. Mater. Lett. 4(6), 423–427 (2013)10.5185/amlett.2012.ib.107 ↗
13. Koao, L., Dejene, F., Swart, H.: Properties of flower-like ZnO nanostructures synthesized using the chemical bath deposition. Mater. Sci. Semicond. Process. 27, 33–40 (2014)10.1016/j.mssp.2014.06.009 ↗
14. Worasawat, S., Masuzawa, T., Hatanaka, Y., Neo, Y., Mimura, H., Pecharapa, W.: Synthesis and characterization of ZnO nanorods by hydrothermal method. Mater. Today: Proc. 5(5), 10964–10969 (2018)
15. Agarwal, S., Rai, P., Gatell, E.N., Llobet, E., Güell, F., Kumar, M., Awasthi, K.: Gas sensing properties of ZnO nanostructures (flowers/rods) synthesized by hydrothermal method. Sensors Actuators B Chem. 292, 24–31 (2019)10.1016/j.snb.2019.04.083 ↗
16. Singh, R., Singh, F., Kanjilal, D., Agarwal, V., Mehra, R.: White light emission from chemically synthesized ZnO–porous silicon nanocomposite. J. Phys. D. Appl. Phys. 42(6), 062002 (2009)10.1088/0022-3727/42/6/062002 ↗
17. Kumar, V., Singh, R., Purohit, L., Mehra, R.: Structural, transport and optical properties of boron-doped zinc oxide nanocrystalline. J. Mater. Sci. Technol. 27(6), 481–488 (2011)10.1016/S1005-0302(11)60095-9 ↗
18. Wager, J.F.: Transparent electronics. science 300(5623), 1245-1246 (2003).10.1126/science.1085276 ↗
19. Grätzel, M.: Conversion of sunlight to electric power by nanocrystalline dye-sensitized solar cells. J. Photochem. Photobiol. A Chem. 164(1-3), 3–14 (2004)10.1016/j.jphotochem.2004.02.023 ↗
20. Johnson, J.C., Yan, H., Yang, P., Saykally, R.J.: Optical cavity effects in ZnO nanowire lasers and waveguides. J. Phys. Chem. B. 107(34), 8816–8828 (2003)10.1021/jp034482n ↗
21. Kim, I.-D., Hong, J.-M., Lee, B.H., Kim, D.Y., Jeon, E.-K., Choi, D.-K., Yang, D.-J.: Dye-sensitized solar cells using network structure of electrospun ZnO nanofiber mats. Appl. Phys. Lett. 91(16), 163109 (2007)10.1063/1.2799581 ↗
22. Rabenau, A.: The role of hydrothermal synthesis in preparative chemistry. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 24(12), 1026–1040 (1985)10.1002/anie.198510261 ↗
23. Huang, J., Matsunaga, N., Shimanoe, K., Yamazoe, N., Kunitake, T.: Nanotubular SnO2 templated by cellulose fibers: synthesis and gas sensing. Chem. Mater. 17(13), 3513–3518 (2005)10.1021/cm047819m ↗
24. Yadav, A., Prasad, V., Kathe, A., Raj, S., Yadav, D., Sundaramoorthy, C., Vigneshwaran, N.: Functional finishing in cotton fabrics using zinc oxide nanoparticles. Bull. Mater. Sci. 29(6), 641–645 (2006)10.1007/s12034-006-0017-y ↗
25. Izu, N., Murayama, N., Shin, W., Itoh, T., Matsubara, I.: Preparation of SnO2 nanoparticles less than 10 nm in size by precipitation using hydrophilic carbon black powder. Mater. Lett. 62(2), 313–316 (2008)10.1016/j.matlet.2007.05.027 ↗
26. El-Desoky, M., Ali, M., Afifi, G., Imam, H.: Annealing effects on the structural and optical properties of growth ZnO thin films fabricated by pulsed laser deposition (PLD). J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron. 25(11), 5071–5077 (2014)10.1007/s10854-014-2273-8 ↗
27. Ray, P.G., Das, M., Wan, M., Jacob, C., Roy, S., Basak, P., Dhara, S.: Surfactant and catalyst free facile synthesis of Al-doped ZnO nanorods–An approach towards fabrication of single nanorod electrical devices. Appl. Surf. Sci. 512, 145732 (2020)10.1016/j.apsusc.2020.145732 ↗
28. Lingmin, Y., Lei, C., Chun, L., Mingli, Y., Xinhui, F.: Resistive-type UV–visible photodetector based on CdS NWs/ZnO nanowalls heterostructure fabricated using in-situ synthesis method. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 154090 (2020).10.1016/j.jallcom.2020.154090 ↗
29. de Almeida, W.L., Rodembusch, F.S., Ferreira, N.S.: de Sousa. V.C, Eco-friendly and cost-effective synthesis of ZnO nanopowders by Tapioca-assisted sol-gel route. Ceramics International (2020)
30. Dhandapani, P., Prakash, A.A., AlSalhi, M.S., Maruthamuthu, S., Devanesan, S., Rajasekar, A.: Ureolytic bacteria mediated synthesis of hairy ZnO nanostructure as photocatalyst for decolorization of dyes. Mater. Chem. Phys. 122619 (2020)10.1016/j.matchemphys.2020.122619 ↗
31. Dong, P., Hou, G., Liu, C., Zhang, X., Tian, H., Xu, F., Xi, X., Shao, R.: Origin of activity and stability enhancement for Ag3PO4 photocatalyst after calcination. Materials. 9(12), 968 (2016)10.3390/ma9120968 ↗
32. Reunchan, P., Boonchun, A., Umezawa, N.: Electronic properties of highly-active Ag 3 AsO 4 photocatalyst and its band gap modulation: an insight from hybrid-density functional calculations. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 18(33), 23407–23411 (2016)10.1039/C6CP03633C ↗
33. Duan, X., Huang, Y., Agarwal, R., Lieber, C.M.: Single-nanowire electrically driven lasers. Nature. 421(6920), 241–245 (2003)10.1038/nature01353 ↗
34. Mayers, B., Xia, Y.: Formation of tellurium nanotubes through concentration depletion at the surfaces of seeds. Adv. Mater. 14(4), 279–282 (2002)10.1002/1521-4095(20020219)14:4<279::AID-ADMA279>3.0.CO;2-2 ↗
35. Huang, M.H., Mao, S., Feick, H., Yan, H., Wu, Y., Kind, H., Weber, E., Russo, R., Yang, P.: Room-temperature ultraviolet nanowire nanolasers. Science. 292(5523), 1897–1899 (2001)10.1126/science.1060367 ↗
36. Qiu, Y., Yang, S.: ZnO nanotetrapods: controlled vapor-phase synthesis and application for humidity sensing. Adv. Funct. Mater. 17(8), 1345–1352 (2007)10.1002/adfm.200601128 ↗
37. Long, T., Yin, S., Takabatake, K., Zhnag, P., Sato, T.: Synthesis and characterization of ZnO nanorods and nanodisks from zinc chloride aqueous solution. Nanoscale Res. Lett. 4(3), 247 (2009)10.1007/s11671-008-9233-2 ↗
38. Lao, J., Huang, J., Wang, D., Ren, Z.: ZnO nanobridges and nanonails. Nano Lett. 3(2), 235–238 (2003)10.1021/nl025884u ↗
39. Wang, Z.L.: Zinc oxide nanostructures: growth, properties and applications. J. Phys. Condens. Matter. 16(25), R829 (2004)10.1088/0953-8984/16/25/R01 ↗
40. Wang, Z., Qian, X.-f., Yin, J., Zhu, Z.-k.: Large-scale fabrication of tower-like, flower-like, and tube-like ZnO arrays by a simple chemical solution route. Langmuir. 20(8), 3441–3448 (2004)10.1021/la036098n ↗
41. Tan, L., Gao, H., Andriamitantsoa, R.S., Hu, B.-t.: Facial fabrication of hierarchical 3D Sisal-like CuO/ZnO nanocomposite and its catalytic properties. Chem. Phys. Lett. 708, 77–80 (2018)10.1016/j.cplett.2018.08.011 ↗
42. Iwan, S., Zhao, J., Tan, S., Sun, X.: Enhancement of UV photoluminescence in ZnO tubes grown by metal organic chemical vapour deposition (MOCVD). Vacuum. 155, 408–411 (2018)10.1016/j.vacuum.2018.06.035 ↗
43. Bao, Y., Gao, L., Feng, C., Ma, J., Zhang, W., Liu, C., Simion, D.: Hollow flower-like ZnO: Synthesis, growth mechanism and application in polyacrylate. Adv. Powder Technol. (2020)10.1016/j.apt.2020.02.030 ↗
44. Lam, S.-M., Sin, J.-C., Hua, L., Haixiang, L., Wei, L.J., Zeng, H.: A Z-scheme WO3 loaded-hexagonal rod-like ZnO/Zn photocatalytic fuel cell for chemical energy recuperation from food wastewater treatment. Appl. Surf. Sci. 145945 (2020).10.1016/j.apsusc.2020.145945 ↗
45. Yu, Q., Fu, W., Yu, C., Yang, H., Wei, R., Li, M., Liu, S., Sui, Y., Liu, Z., Yuan, M.: Fabrication and optical properties of large-scale ZnO nanotube bundles via a simple solution route. J. Phys. Chem. C. 111(47), 17521–17526 (2007)10.1021/jp076159g ↗
46. Ranjitha, A., Muthukumarasamy, N., Thambidurai, M., Agilan, S., Balasundaraprabhu, R.: Effect of hydrothermal growth temperature on structural and optical properties of TiO 2 nanoparticles. J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron. 24(2), 553–558 (2013)10.1007/s10854-012-0831-5 ↗
47. Liu, S.-Y., Chen, T., Wan, J., Ru, G.-P., Li, B.-Z., Qu, X.-P.: The effect of pre-annealing of sputtered ZnO seed layers on growth of ZnO nanorods through a hydrothermal method. Appl. Phys. A. 94(4), 775–780 (2009)10.1007/s00339-008-4957-5 ↗
48. El-Desoky, M., Ali, M., Afifi, G., Imam, H., Al-Assiri, M.: Effects of annealing temperatures on the structural and dielectric properties of ZnO nanoparticles. Silicon. 10(2), 301–307 (2018)10.1007/s12633-016-9445-5 ↗
49. Raoufi, D.: Synthesis and microstructural properties of ZnO nanoparticles prepared by precipitation method. Renew. Energy. 50, 932–937 (2013)10.1016/j.renene.2012.08.076 ↗
50. Pudukudy, M., Hetieqa, A.: Yaakob, Z: Synthesis, characterization and photocatalytic activity of annealing dependent quasi spherical and capsule like ZnO nanostructures. Appl. Surf. Sci. 319, 221–229 (2014)10.1016/j.apsusc.2014.07.050 ↗
51. Umar, A., Kumar, R., Kumar, G., Algarni, H., Kim, S.H.: Effect of annealing temperature on the properties and photocatalytic efficiencies of ZnO nanoparticles. J. Alloys Compd. 648, 46–52 (2015)10.1016/j.jallcom.2015.04.236 ↗
52. Uthirakumar, P., Hong, C.-H.: Effect of annealing temperature and pH on morphology and optical property of highly dispersible ZnO nanoparticles. Mater. Charact. 60, 1305–1310 (2009)10.1016/j.matchar.2009.06.002 ↗
53. Sahu, K., Kar, A.K.: Morphological, optical, photocatalytic and electrochemical properties of hydrothermally grown ZnO nanoflowers with variation in hydrothermal temperature. Mater. Sci. Semicond. Process. 104, 104648 (2019)10.1016/j.mssp.2019.104648 ↗
54. Rekha, K., Nirmala, M., Nair, M.G., Anukaliani, A.: Structural, optical, photocatalytic and antibacterial activity of zinc oxide and manganese doped zinc oxide nanoparticles. Phys. B Condens. Matter. 405(15), 3180–3185 (2010)10.1016/j.physb.2010.04.042 ↗
55. Singh, P., Kumar, A., Kaushal, A., Kaur, D., Pandey, A., Goyal, R.: In situ high temperature XRD studies of ZnO nanopowder prepared via cost effective ultrasonic mist chemical vapour deposition. Bull. Mater. Sci. 31(3), 573–577 (2008)10.1007/s12034-008-0089-y ↗
56. Sivakami, R., Dhanuskodi, S., Karvembu, R.: Estimation of lattice strain in nanocrystalline RuO2 by Williamson–Hall and size–strain plot methods. Spectrochim. Acta A Mol. Biomol. Spectrosc. 152, 43–50 (2016)10.1016/j.saa.2015.07.008 ↗
57. Lee, J.S., De Angelis, R.: X-ray diffraction patterns from nanocrystalline binary alloys. Nanostruct. Mater. 7(7), 805–812 (1996)10.1016/S0965-9773(96)00045-1 ↗
58. Mote, V., Purushotham, Y., Dole, B.: Williamson-Hall analysis in estimation of lattice strain in nanometer-sized ZnO particles. J. Theor. Appl. Phys. 6(1), 6 (2012)10.1186/2251-7235-6-6 ↗
59. Ataie Dil, M., Haghighatzadeh, A., Mazinani, B.: Photosensitization effect on visible-light-induced photocatalytic performance of TiO2/chlorophyll and flavonoid nanostructures: kinetic and isotherm studies. Bull. Mater. Sci. 42(5), 248 (2019)10.1007/s12034-019-1927-9 ↗
60. Chittan, M.V., Kumar, C.M., Sowjanya, K., Kumar, B.R.: Estimation of lattice strain in nanometer-sized alumina doped ZnO ceramics by X-ray peak profile analysis. Mater. Today: Proc. 4(8), 9237–9245 (2017)
61. Prabhu, Y.T., Rao, K.V., Kumar, V.S.S., Kumari, B.S.: X-ray analysis by Williamson-Hall and size-strain plot methods of ZnO nanoparticles with fuel variation. World J. Nano Sci. Eng. 2014 (2014).10.4236/wjnse.2014.41004 ↗
62. Yogamalar, R., Srinivasan, R., Vinu, A., Ariga, K., Bose, A.C.: X-ray peak broadening analysis in ZnO nanoparticles. Solid State Commun. 149(43-44), 1919–1923 (2009)10.1016/j.ssc.2009.07.043 ↗
63. Ramasamy, V., Vijayalakshmi, G.: Effect of Zn doping on structural, optical and thermal properties of CeO2 nanoparticles. Superlattice. Microst. 85, 510–521 (2015)10.1016/j.spmi.2015.05.015 ↗
64. Bindu, P., Thomas, S.: Estimation of lattice strain in ZnO nanoparticles: X-ray peak profile analysis. J. Theor. Appl. Phys. 8(4), 123–134 (2014)10.1007/s40094-014-0141-9 ↗
65. Suresh, R., Ponnuswamy, V., Mariappan, R.: Effect of annealing temperature on the microstructural, optical and electrical properties of CeO2 nanoparticles by chemical precipitation method. Appl. Surf. Sci. 273, 457–464 (2013)10.1016/j.apsusc.2013.02.062 ↗
66. Al-Assiri, M., Mostafa, M., Ali, M., El-Desoky, M.: Synthesis, structural and electrical properties of annealed ZnO thin films deposited by pulsed laser deposition (PLD). Superlattice. Microst. 75, 127–135 (2014)10.1016/j.spmi.2014.07.043 ↗
67. Sharma, A., Rai, V., Mani, S., Chawade, S.: A study of structural parameters and photoluminescence of Tb doped ZnO nanoparticles. Mater. Today: Proc. (2019)10.1016/j.matpr.2019.05.377 ↗
68. Wahab, R., Ansari, S., Seo, H.-K., Kim, Y.S., Suh, E.-K., Shin, H.-S.: Low temperature synthesis and characterization of rosette-like nanostructures of ZnO using solution process. Solid State Sci. 11(2), 439–443 (2009)10.1016/j.solidstatesciences.2008.07.009 ↗
69. Selvi, N., Sankar, S.: Effect of shells ZnO; SiO2 on SnO2 hybrid core-shell nanospheres and their structural, morphological and magnetic properties. Int. J. Chem. Technol. Res. 6(14), 5665–5671 (2014)
70. BANAVATU, L., RAO, D.S., Basavaiah, K.: Synthesis of γ-Bi2MoO6 by Co-precipitation Method and Evaluation for Photocatalytic Degradation of Rhodamine B, Crystal Violet and Orange II Dyes Under Visible Light Irradiation. Asian J. Chem. 30(1), 97–102 (2018)10.14233/ajchem.2018.20917 ↗
71. Jang, M., Ryu, M., Yoon, M., Lee, S., Kim, H., Onodera, A., Kojima, S.: A study on the Raman spectra of Al-doped and Ga-doped ZnO ceramics. Curr. Appl. Phys. 9(3), 651–657 (2009)10.1016/j.cap.2008.05.019 ↗
72. Zolfaghari, M.: Propose for Raman mode position for Mn-doped ZnO nanoparticles. Phys. B Condens. Matter. 555, 1–8 (2019)10.1016/j.physb.2018.11.072 ↗
73. Zhang, R., Yin, P.-G., Wang, N., Guo, L.: Photoluminescence and Raman scattering of ZnO nanorods. Solid State Sci. 11(4), 865–869 (2009)10.1016/j.solidstatesciences.2008.10.016 ↗
74. Peng, Z., Dai, G., Chen, P., Zhang, Q., Wan, Q., Zou, B.: Synthesis, characterization and optical properties of star-like ZnO nanostructures. Mater. Lett. 64(8), 898–900 (2010)10.1016/j.matlet.2010.01.029 ↗
75. Lv, J., Sun, Y., Cao, L., Zhao, M., Shang, F., Mao, S., Jiang, Y., Xu, J., Wang, F., Zhou, Z.: Effect of reaction temperature on surface morphology and photoelectric properties of ZnO grown by hydrothermal method in mixed solvent. J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron. 26(7), 5518–5523 (2015)10.1007/s10854-015-3109-x ↗
76. Sahu, S., Nanda, K.: Semiconductor nanoparticles: physics and applications. Proc. Indian Natl. Sci. Acad. 103 (2001)