journal article·2025-09Open access

The influence of BaTiO3 nanocrystals on the electrical characteristics and energy storage capabilities of BNKT ceramics

Piewpan Parjansri, Kanchit Kamlangkla, Sukum Eitssayeam, Uraiwan Inthata

Abstract

This study demonstrates that the incorporation of BaTiO 3 (BT) nanocrystals improved the electrical characteristics of lead-free Bi 0.5 (Na 0.4 K 0.1 ) 0.5 TiO 3 (BNKT) ceramic. The molten-salt technique was employed to produce nanocrystal seed. Upon mixing BNKT with BT nanocrystal seeds, the phase structure exhibited a combination of rhombohedral and tetragonal phases. The ceramics exhibit bulk density values ranging from 5.82-5.88 g/cm 3 , with a theoretical density of 97-98%. A doping BT seed concentration of 0.02 yielded an optimum density value of 5.88 g/cm 3 and a dielectric constant of around 1566. The highest ε r value is 4575 for the sample containing a BT seed of 0.06 mol. The incorporation of BT seed = 0.02 resulted in optimal energy storage density (W), energy efficiency (η), maximum strain (%S max ), and strain coefficient (d* 33 ) of 0.57 J/cm 3 , 67.13%, 0.21%, and 351.67 pm/V, respectively.
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Research context

OpenAlex topics: Ferroelectric and Piezoelectric Materials · Microwave Dielectric Ceramics Synthesis · Dielectric materials and actuators

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