Hybrid recycling methods for fiber reinforced polymer composites: A review

Fibrous polymer composites are integral materials utilized in various sectors due to their unparalleled material properties. However, their widespread application has led to significant volumes of end-of-life material, necessitating sustainable disposal strategies. Conventional disposal methods, landfilling, and incineration exhibit shortcomings in both fiber recovery efficiency and environmental impact. Conversely, recycling presents a viable avenue for fiber recovery, facilitating its reuse in composite fabrication alongside allied industries like construction. This article provides a comprehensive examination of mechanical, thermal, and chemical recycling methods tailored for fibrous composites made of thermoset resins. In addition to traditional approaches, hybrid techniques emerge as compelling recycling prospects, amalgamating various traditional methods to enhance overall process efficiency while mitigating the limitations. This article stands out for its in-depth exploration of the intricate methodologies underpinning hybrid recycling methods. The article also delineates the range of products produced from recycling, encompassing fibers, liquids, and gaseous byproducts. In addition, a dedicated section outlines the potential applications of recovered fibers within the composite industry and their integration into cutting-edge additive manufacturing processes. Through a holistic examination of recycling strategies and their downstream implications, this article underscores the imperative for sustainable practices in the utilization and management of fibrous polymer composites.