Study on Stable Loose Sandstone Reservoir and Corresponding Acidizing Technology

The Sebei gas field is in the Sanhu depression area of the Qaidam Basin, which is the main gas-producing area and a key profit pillar for the Qinghai oilfield. The Sebei gas field within the Qinghai oilfield is characterized by high mud content, poor lithology, interflow between gas and water layers, and a propensity for sand production. The reservoir rocks are predominantly argillaceous siltstone with primarily argillaceous cement. These rocks are loose and tend to produce sand, which can lead to blockage. During its development, the Sebei gas field exhibited significant issues with scale formation and sand production in gas wells. Conventional acidization technologies have proven to be slow acting and may even result in adverse effects. These methods can cause loose sandstone to disperse, exacerbating sand production. Therefore, it is necessary to elucidate the mechanisms of wellbore plugging and to develop an acidizing system for plug removal that is tailored to unconsolidated sandstone reservoirs. Such a system should not only alleviate gas well plugging damage but also maintain reservoir stability and ensure efficient and sustained stimulation from acidization treatments. In this paper, the stability of unconsolidated sandstone reservoirs and the acid dissolution plugging system, along with the technological methods for stabilizing sand bodies, are studied through mineral component analysis, acid dissolution experiments, core immersion experiments, and other laboratory tests. The principle of synergistic effects between different acids is applied to achieve “high-efficiency scale dissolution and low sandstone dissolution”. Three key indicators of dispersion, sand dissolution rate, and scale dissolution rate were created. The acid plugging solution formula of “controlled dispersion and differentiated dissolution” was developed to address these indicators. Laboratory tests have shown that the sandstone is predominantly composed of quartz and clay minerals, with the latter mainly being illite. The primary constituent of the wellbore blockage scale sample is magnesium carbonate, which exhibits nearly 100% solubility in acid. By adding a stabilizer prior to acid corrosion, the core’s corrosion can be effectively mitigated, particle dispersion and migration can be controlled, and the rock structure’s stability can be maintained. Laboratory evaluations indicate that the scale dissolution rate is greater than or equal to 95%, the sand dissolution rate is below 25%, and the system achieves a differentiated corrosion effect without dispersion for 24 h. Field tests demonstrate that the new acid solution plugging removal system enhances average well production and reduces operational costs. The system effectively mitigates the challenges of substantial sand production and reservoir dispersion, thereby furnishing a theoretical foundation and practical direction for acid plugging treatments in unconsolidated sandstone gas fields.