journal article·2021-11-29Open access

Impact of a Transparent Coating on the Reflectance of a Line Halftone Pattern

Fanny Dailliez, Mathieu Hébert, Anne Blayo, Lionel Chagas, Thierry Fournel

Coatings· Volume 11· Issue 12

Abstract

Many prints are coated to increase their resistance or to enhance their appearance. Applying a smooth transparent layer on a print darkens and saturates its color, an easily observable effect which can be predicted in order to obtain better color management of coated surfaces and ink saving. A model was thus developed which describes the reflectance of a single-ink line halftone in optical contact with a transparent smooth coating. It is based on the peculiar way light diffuses inside the coating layer, a phenomenon called the “halo effect”. The model was compared to two experiments conducted at different scales where line halftones were coated with different coating thicknesses. The experiments enabled us to identify and measure the darkening effect caused by a coating layer, and validated the model.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline

Research context

OpenAlex topics: Color Science and Applications · Surface Roughness and Optical Measurements · Cultural Heritage Materials Analysis

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

Affiliations

Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP (Institute of Engineering Univ. Grenoble Alpes), LGP2, F-38000 Grenoble, France

Univ Lyon, UJM-Saint-Etienne, CNRS, Institut d’Optique Graduate School, Laboratoire Hubert Curien UMR 5516, F-42000 Saint-Etienne, France

Funding

Agence Nationale de la Recherche

References (47)

Show source-provided references
1. Kipphan, H. (2001). Handbook of Print Media, Springer.10.1007/978-3-540-29900-4 ↗
2. Cigula, T., Hudika, T., and Donevski, D. (2021). Color Reproduction on Varnished Cardboard Packaging by Using Lower Ink Coverages Due to the Gray Component Replacement Image Processing. Color Res. Appl.10.1002/col.22704 ↗
3. Marques, J., Pahl, B., and Kallmayer, C. (2013, January 9–12). Thermoplastic Packaging and Embedding Technology for ID-Cards. Proceedings of the 2013 Eurpoean Microelectronics Packaging Conference (EMPC), Grenoble, France.
4. Kucharska, J.K. (2021). Technical and Technological Analysis of Modern Methods of Printing Lamination, Instytut Mechaniki i Poligrafii.
5. Optical interference coatings for inhibiting of counterfeiting10.1080/713818726 ↗
6. Protecting Devices by Active Coating
7. Schott, J.H. (1998, January 1). Optical Security Features for Plastic Card Documents. Proceedings of the Optical Security and Counterfeit Deterrence Techniques II, San Jose, CA, USA.
8. Roffey, C.G. (1997). Photogeneration of Reactive Species for UV Curing, Wiley.
9. Wicks, Z.W., Jones, F.N., and Pappas, S.P. (1992). Organic Coatings, Science and Technology, Wiley. Film formation, components and appearance.
10. Surface energy of corona treated PP, PE and PET films, Its alteration as function of storage time and the effect of various corona dosages on their bond strength after lamination10.1002/app.45842 ↗
11. Effect of different types of lamination on colour gamut and tone value increase of digital prints
12. Simulating color changes due to coating of offset prints10.2352/CGIV.2004.2.1.art00098 ↗
13. The influence of UV narnish on colorimetric properties of spot colors10.1016/j.proeng.2015.01.525 ↗
14. Influence of the varnishing “surface” coverage on optical print characteristics10.31803/tg-20191129104559 ↗
15. Childers, A., Etheredge, A., Flannery, S., and Freeman, J. (2008). Effects of Varnish on Printed Material, FlexoGlobal, Salmon Creek Publishing.
16. Czimbalmos, K., and Borbély, Á. (2020). Color Changes during the Production of Laminated Flexographic Prints. Scientific, Technical and Art Releases—2020, Media Technology and Light Industry Institute of Rejtő Sándor Faculty of Light Industry and Environmental Engineering Óbuda University.
17. Glossiness of colored papers and its application to specular glossiness measuring instruments10.1002/(SICI)1520-684X(199701)28:1<95::AID-SCJ10>3.0.CO;2-N ↗
18. Noncontact and rapid analysis of the quality of the recording coating on ink jet printing by near-infrared spectroscopy10.1039/c1an15676d ↗
19. Influence of promoter on the glossiness of water-soluble varnish10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.174.441 ↗
20. Matte Finish on Thermal Prints10.2352/ISSN.2169-4451.2004.20.1.art00097_2 ↗
21. Hébert, M., Mallet, M., Deboos, A., Chavel, P., Kuang, D., Hugonin, J.-P., Besbes, M., and Cazier, A. (2015). Exploring the Bronzing Effect at the Surface of Ink Layers, The International Society for Optical Engineering. Proceedings of SPIE.10.1117/12.2076446 ↗
22. Berns, R.S., and de la Rie, E.R. (2002, January 22–27). The Relative Importance of Surface Roughness and Refractive Index in the Effects of Varnishes on the Appearance of Paintings. Proceedings of the 13thTriennal Meeting of ICOM Commitee for Conser-vation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
23. Multiple internal reflections in photographic color prints10.1364/JOSA.43.000595 ↗
24. Reflection density in photographic color prints: Generalizations of the Williams-clapper transform10.2352/J.ImagingSci.Technol.2001.45.5.art00010 ↗
25. Sur Le Halo Des Lames Épaisses, Ou halo photographique, et Les moyens de Le faire disparaitre10.1051/jphystap:018900090027000 ↗
26. Laser Bathymetry Based on the Halo Effect10.1364/AO.58.001555 ↗
27. Halo and subsurface scattering in the transparent coating on top of a diffusing material10.1364/JOSAA.35.001192 ↗
28. Hébert, M., Dailliez, F., and Simonot, L. (2021, January 18). Why a Clear Coating Modifies Halftone Color Prints. Proceedings of the IS&T Electronic Imaging Symposium, Material Appearance Conference, Online.10.2352/ISSN.2470-1173.2021.5.MAAP-131 ↗
29. Kriss, M. (2015). Handbook of Digital Imaging, John Wiley & Sons.10.1002/9781118798706 ↗
30. Effect of light scatter on halftone color10.1364/JOSAA.15.001813 ↗
31. Analysis of the yule-nielsen effect with the multiple-path point spread function in a frequency-modulated halftone10.1364/JOSAA.35.000916 ↗
32. The penetration of light into paper and its effect on halftone reproduction
33. Yule-nielsen effect in printing: A physical analysis10.1364/AO.17.003376 ↗
34. Optical dot gain: Lateral scattering probabilities10.2352/J.ImagingSci.Technol.1998.42.4.art00010 ↗
35. A Probability description of the yule-nielsen effect10.2352/J.ImagingSci.Technol.1997.41.6.art00013 ↗
36. Light scattering and ink penetration effects on tone reproduction10.1364/JOSAA.18.000360 ↗
37. Yang, L., and Kruse, B. (1999, January 21). Ink Penetration and Its Effects on Printing. Proceedings of the Color Imaging: Device-Independent Color, Color Hardcopy, and Graphic Arts V, San Jose, CA, USA.
38. Gustavson, S. (1997). Dot Gain in Colour Halftones. Image Processing Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering, Linköping University.
39. Nicodemus, F.E., Richmond, J.C., Hsia, J.J., Ginsberg, I.W., and Limperis, T. (1977). Geometrical Considerations and Nomenclature for Reflectance. National Bureau of Standards.10.6028/NBS.MONO.160 ↗
40. Review of spectral reflectance prediction models for halftone prints: Calibration, prediction and performance
41. Die Theoretischen Grundlagen Des Mehrfarbenbuchdrucks
42. The theoretical basis of multicolor letterpress printing10.1002/col.20135 ↗
43. Modeling the color of multi-colored halftones
44. Fairchild, M.D. (2005). Color Appearance Models, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
45. Measurement of the modulation transfer function of paper10.1364/AO.37.007235 ↗
46. Measurement of the diffusion of light within paper10.1364/JOSAA.36.000636 ↗
47. The Effect of multiple internal reflections on the densities of half-tone prints on paper10.1364/JOSA.43.000600 ↗