Custom-Made Chemically Modified Graphene Oxide to Improve the Anti-Scratch Resistance of Urethane-Acrylate Transparent Coatings
Source abstract
Abstract
In this work, a thermoset ultraviolet (UV)-cured polyurethane-acrylate resin was doped with different chemically-modified graphene obtained from a commercial graphene oxide (GO): as-received GO, chemically reduced GO (rGO), GO functionalized with vinyltriethoxysilane (VTES) (GOvtes), and GO functionalized with VTES and subsequently reduced with a chemical agent (rGOvtes). Modified graphene was introduced in the oligomer component via solvent-assisted process using acetone, which was recovered after completion of the process. Results indicate that the GO-doped oligomers produce cured coatings with improved anti-scratch resistance (above the resistance of conventional coatings), without surface defects and high transparency. The anti-scratch resistance was measured with atomic force microscopy (AFM). Additionally, results are presented in terms of Wolf–Wilburn scale, a straightforward method widely accepted and employed in the coating industry.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Graphene research and applications · Polymer Nanocomposite Synthesis and Irradiation · Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
Affiliations
Chemical Engineering Department, University of Alicante, P.O. Box 99, 03690 Alicante, Spain
Center for Applied Energy Research, University of Kentucky, 2540 Research Park Drive, Lexington, KY 40511, USA
Funding
Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad · Generalitat Valenciana
References (49)
Show source-provided references
1. Curing behavior and cured film performance of easy-to-clean UV-curable coatings based on hybrid urethane acrylate oligomers10.1007/s10965-012-9995-1 ↗
2. Study of the crosslinking process of waterborne UV curable polyurethane acrylates10.1016/j.porgcoat.2016.06.020 ↗
3. Influence of isocyanate type of acrylated urethane oligomer and of additives on weathering of UV-cured films10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2005.08.002 ↗
4. Preparation of UV-curable functionalized graphene/polyurethane acrylate nanocomposite with enhanced thermal and mechanical behaviors10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2013.03.003 ↗
5. Mechanical and thermal properties of SiO2–PMMA monoliths10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2006.02.125 ↗
6. Radiation curing of diacrylate glycerolate of bisphenol-A in the presence of an organically modified montmorillonite for the production of flame-resistant polymer—Clay composites10.1002/adv.20063 ↗
7. Acrylic coatings exhibiting improved hardness, solvent resistance and glossiness by using silica nano-composites10.1016/j.apsusc.2010.09.060 ↗
8. Preparation of transparent silica—PMMA nanocomposite hard coatings10.1016/j.porgcoat.2008.02.005 ↗
9. Wear-resistant and transparent acrylate-based coating with highly filled nanosilica particles10.1016/j.triboint.2009.05.022 ↗
10. Fluorinated zirconia-based sol-gel hybrid coatings on polycarbonate with high durability and improved scratch resistance10.1016/j.surfcoat.2016.12.095 ↗
11. A study towards improving mechanical properties of sol-gel coatings for polycarbonate10.1016/j.tsf.2007.06.149 ↗
12. Measurement of the elastic properties and intrinsic strength of monolayer graphene10.1126/science.1157996 ↗
13. Preparation of graphitic oxide10.1021/ja01539a017 ↗
14. Graphene-based composite materials10.1038/nature04969 ↗
15. A new structural model for graphite oxide10.1016/S0009-2614(98)00144-4 ↗
16. Role of graphene oxide surface chemistry on the improvement of the interlaminar mechanical properties of resin infusion processed epoxy-carbon fiber composites
17. Impressive fatigue life and fracture toughness improvements in graphene oxide/epoxy composites10.1021/ma201563k ↗
18. Nanotribological behavior of graphene nanoplatelet reinforced ultra high molecular weight polyethylene composites10.1016/j.triboint.2013.10.012 ↗
19. Mechanical properties investigation of bilayer graphene/poly(methyl methacrylate) thin films at macro, micro and nanoscale10.1016/j.carbon.2016.01.036 ↗
20. Efficient assembly of high-performance reduced graphene oxide/silver nanowire transparent conductive film based on in situ light-induced reduction technology10.1016/j.apsusc.2018.08.060 ↗
21. Characterization of transparent hydrophobic coating with silica and graphene oxide fillers by sol-gel method
22. High adhesion transparent conducting films using graphene oxide hybrid carbon nanotubes10.1016/j.apsusc.2016.09.143 ↗
23. Emerging methods for producing graphene oxide composites in coatings with multifunctional properties10.1039/c2jm33670g ↗
24. Preparation of extended alkylated graphene oxide conducting layers and effect study on the electrical properties of PEDOT: PSS polymer composites10.1016/j.cplett.2010.06.024 ↗
25. Alumina-graphene hybrid filled epoxy composite: Quantitative validation and enhanced thermal conductivity10.1016/j.compositesb.2017.07.067 ↗
26. A correlation between the Wolf-Wilburn scale and atomic force microscopy for anti-scratch resistance determination10.1016/j.porgcoat.2018.08.012 ↗
27. Large-scale production of high-quality reduced graphene oxide10.1016/j.cej.2013.08.050 ↗
28. Synthesis, mechanical, and barrier properties of LDPE/graphene nanocomposites using vinyl triethoxysilane as a coupling agent10.1007/s11051-010-0088-y ↗
29. (2011). ASTM D3363-05(2011)e2: Standard Test Method for Film Hardness by Pencil Test, ASTM International. Available online: https://www.astm.org/Standards/D3363.htm.
30. (2005). ASTM D7027-05: Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Scratch Resistance of Polymeric Coatings and Plastics Using an Instrumented Scratch Machine, ASTM International. Available online: https://www.astm.org/DATABASE.CART/HISTORICAL/D7027-05.htm.
31. Investigation of mechanical and tribological properties of bone cement by nano-indentation and nano-scratch experiments10.1016/j.polymertesting.2012.06.002 ↗
32. Effects of scratching directions on AFM-based abrasive abrasion process10.1016/j.triboint.2008.05.011 ↗
33. The role of oxygen during thermal reduction of graphene oxide studied by infrared absorption spectroscopy10.1021/jp2052618 ↗
34. Infrared emission spectroscopy of coal minerals and their thermal transformations10.1366/0003702924444407 ↗
35. Highly luminescent silicon nanocrystals with discrete optical transitions10.1021/ja002956f ↗
36. Optical properties of single-crystalline α-Si3N4 nanobelts10.1063/1.1862753 ↗
37. FT-IR-ATR study of depth profile of SiO2 ultra-thin films10.1016/S0169-4332(00)00867-9 ↗
38. Sachithanadam, M., and Joshi, S.C. (2016). Silica Aerogel Composites: Novel Fabrication Methods, Springer.10.1007/978-981-10-0440-7 ↗
39. Rodríguez Pastor, I. (2014). Tratamientos De Purificación Y Acondicionamiento De Grafenos Para El Desarrollo De Aplicaciones. [Ph.D. Thesis, Universidad de Alicante]. Available online: https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/tesis?codigo=67597.
40. High-resolution monochromated XPS of poly (methyl methacrylate) thin films on a conducting substrate10.1002/sia.740170206 ↗
41. Preparation of nitrogen-doped graphene sheets by a combined chemical and hydrothermal reduction of graphene oxide10.1021/la102425a ↗
42. The doping of reduced graphene oxide with nitrogen and its effect on the quenching of the material’s photoluminescence10.1016/j.carbon.2012.07.015 ↗
43. Rapid synthesis of nitrogen-doped graphene for a lithium ion battery anode with excellent rate performance and super-long cyclic stability10.1039/C3CP54494J ↗
44. Transparent displays utilizing nanopatterned quantum dot films10.1038/s41598-018-20869-1 ↗
45. Modeling and simulation of urethane acrylates synthesis. I. Kinetics of uncatalyzed reaction of toluene diisocyanate with a monoalcohol10.1002/(SICI)1097-4628(20000131)75:5<705::AID-APP13>3.0.CO;2-H ↗
46. A waterborne uniform graphene-poly (urethane-acrylate) complex with enhanced anticorrosive properties enabled by ionic interaction10.1016/j.cej.2018.06.151 ↗
47. Reliability and mechanical durability tests of flexible OLED with ALD coating10.1002/jsid.377 ↗
48. Commercialization of sol-gel based transparent functional coatings10.1007/s10971-018-4694-y ↗
49. Flexible hard coating: glass-like wear resistant, yet plastic-like compliant, transparent protective coating for foldable displays10.1002/adma.201700205 ↗